Seven hundred and forty-eight pregnant women living in Klin, Moscow Region, were examined. On being registered, high-risk pregnant women had an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); if the latter was negative, it was carried out again at 24-26 weeks gestation. The test was carried out in moderate-risk pregnant women at 24-28 weeks' gestation and in low-risk ones at 24-28 weeks. The additional indications for the test in any gestation period were: 1) a venous plasma glucose level of more than 6.4 mmol/l; 2) new-onset glucosuria. Gestational diabetes (GD) was identified in 4% of the pregnant women. Obesity (50%) and a family history of diabetes (46.6%) were one of the major risk factors for GD. Glucosuria and fasting hyperglycemia were detected in 36.6 and 16.6% of cases, respectively. Twenty-five (83.3%) pregnant women achieved diabetes compensation by a diet that was supplemented by insulin therapy in 5 (16.7%) patients. The delivery was full-term in 93.3% of cases, 18 (60%) pregnant women gave birth vaginally. There were 23 (71.8%) normal birth weight babies; 2 (6.6%) with grade I-II hypotrophy, and 4 (12.5%) with signs of macrosomy. The signs of diabetic fetopathy were found in 21 (65.6%) neonates. Thus, it has been ascertained that OGTT should be necessarily incorporated into the work of an antenatal clinic. The optimum time for the test should be chosen in terms of the patient's risk factors.