The literature information about septal deformities and paranasal sinuses in the children is rather controversial. Aim. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of and the relationship between the pathological changes in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and paranasal sinuses in a population of the children of different age groups based on the results otheir examination with the use of spiral computed tomography. Patients and methods. A total of 608 CT images of the paranasal sinuses or the head providing complete visualization of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses were available for the eanalysis. They were obtained from the children admitted to the Department of Radiation Diagnostics, Scientific Centre of Children’s Health, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, during the period from January 2015 till September 2016. The studies were carried out on the patients lying on the back with the use of the MSCT scanner (GE Discovery 750 HD), with the subsequent reconstruction on a graphical station in the coronal and axial projections using the slices around 1 mm in the thickness. The continuous sample encompassed all CT images meeting the inclusion criteria and obtained during the study period. The computed tomograms obtained at the outpatient basis and from the inpatients hospitalized in different departments of the Centre accounted for 86.7% and 13.3% of the total number of images available for the examination. The absolute values obtained were re-calculated into the percentage-based relationships. A personal computer and the Microsoft Office Excel 2007 software package were used to form the database, perform the statistical analysis of the data obtained, and present the results of the study. Student’s “t”-test was used to calculate the standard error of the difference between means for the comparison of the study groups. The difference between the variables was considered to be statistically significant when it was two and more times greater than the error. Results. The pathological changes in the paranasal sinuses were identified in 125 (39.6%) children presenting with nasal septum deformation while they were absent in the paranasal sinuses of 83 (25.3%) patients with nasal septum deformation. 108 (34.2%) of the tomograms showed up the pathological changes in the paranasal sinuses in the absence of a significant deviation of the nasal septum. Changes in the paranasal sinuses were detected on the same side as the curvature of nasal septum in 45 (36%) cases (mean error ±4.29). The similar changes on the contralateral side with respect to the nasal septum deformation were documented in 18 (14.4%) children. Adenoidal hypertrophy was visualized by CT in 123 (38.9%) patients, while changes in the paranasal sinuses were observed in 78 (63.4%) cases (mean error ±3.14). Pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy was identified on CT images obtained from 123 (38.9%) patients and pathological changes in the paranasal sinuses in 78 (63.4%) cases. Conclusion. The results of the study give evidence that in the patients presenting with sinusitis in the combination with nasal septum deviation, the pathological changes in the paranasal sinus tend to occur on the same side as the curved septum, the association being statistically significant (p<0.05). The pathological changes in the paranasal sinuses are especially frequently observed in the patients with severe pharyngeal tonsil hypertrophy. These data suggest the importance of the side of the nasal septum deviation for the development of pathological changes in the paranasal sinuses and should therefore be considered in the choice of the surgical treatment strategy for the treatment of this pathological condition