OBJECTIVE
To generalize and analyze modern data on the role of intercellular adhesion molecules, in particular cadherins, in the regulation of vascular function, inflammatory responses and formation of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, to assess the diagnostic and prognostic potential of P-, E- and H-cadherins.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The review includes publications on cell adhesion molecules, predominantly cadherins, and their involvement in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, oncological and cardiovascular diseases. Data of original researches, meta-analyses and reviews from international and domestic sources were used. The analysis was carried out with emphasis on studies in which the expression of P-, E- and H-cadherins, their concentration in the serum and relationship with the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events were studied.
RESULTS
Cadherins provide adhesion between cells of the same type and are involved in signal transmission influencing morphogenesis, immune responses and vascular regulation. Change in expression of these proteins is connected with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and remodeling of the vascular wall. Elevated concentration of E-cadherin is associated with hemodynamically significant atherosclerosis and risk of developing adverse cardiovascular events. P-cadherin content is determined at early stages of the disease, and its involvement in disrupting endothelial permeability is possible. It is reported that H-cadherin is considered as a regulator of cell adhesion and mobility as well as a modulator of cell behavior under modified tension. The obtained data indicate the diagnostic significance of cadherins in the evaluation of atherosclerosis progression risk.
CONCLUSION
Cadherins as key components of intercellular adhesion are involved in the formation of vascular pathology and can serve as biomarkers for atherosclerotic lesions. Their further investigation is promising for the development of new approaches to diagnosis, risk stratification and prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
