In recent years, new data have been obtained on the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its complications. The relief of OS manifestations in this endocrinopathy has further actualized the problem of preventive measures aimed at reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and related complications.
OBJECTIVE
To study the state, methods and prospects for the prevention of OS in type 2 DM and the possibility of using antioxidants as a preventive strategy based on literature data.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty-two scientific papers from Cochrane Library, PubMed, eLibrary.ru, and Medscape databases were reviewed. The electronic search period was 2006 to 2023, and the following keyword combinations were used: «diabetes mellitus type 2», «prevention», «oxidative stress», and «antioxidants».
RESULTS
OS is considered an imbalance between the formation of free radicals and a decrease in antioxidant protection, which underlies the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. OS triggers a cascade of pathophysiological reactions such as inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Of the most informative markers of OS in type 2 DM, malonic dialdehyde, 8-iso-prostaglandin, glutathione and some antioxidant enzymes are considered, which can help diagnose OS and serve as therapeutic targets for preventive therapy. Randomized clinical trials have shown the efficacy of various antioxidants as a preventive strategy in type 2 DM and its complications.
CONCLUSION
To date, the understanding of the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications, as well as the possibility of using antioxidants as part of preventive therapy, has been significantly expanded. However, the possibility of using antioxidants in a complex of preventive measures and adjuvant therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus warrants further research.
