The role of tryptophan metabolites in metabolism and pathogenesis of obesity

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For humans, the amino acid tryptophan is essential and highly sought after. In addition to participating in protein synthesis, tryptophan undergoes conversion to tryptamine and indole metabolites by enzymes of the gut microbiota. In human cells, tryptophan is utilized through the kynurenine pathway and is converted into the biogenic amine serotonin. Indole-3-acetate and indole-3-propionate are of great importance for the regulation of lipid synthesis. These metabolites inhibit lipogenesis and prevent the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, which is often a concomitant condition in obesity. Indole and serotonin have anorexigenic effects. Indole-3-lactate has a pronounced neurotropic effect. It was found that obesity is associated with a characteristic phenotype of intestinal dysbiosis. Taxonomic and metabolic changes in the gut microbiota result in impaired tryptophan synthesis and altered levels of its metabolites in the body. Obese patients are characterized by decreased plasma tryptophan levels. Proper dietary adjustments, pro-, pre-, symbiotics, and tryptophan supplements can contribute to obesity prevention and treatment.

Keywords:

tryptophan

indoles

serotonin

kynurenine

microbiota

obesity

diabetes

Authors:

Shatova O.P.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Zabolotneva A.A.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University

Mikin I.E.

All-Russian Non-Governmental Organization of Small and Medium Business «Opora Russia»

Bril D.V.

International Association of Research, Environmental, Medical and Educational Organizations, Producers and Consumers of Goods and Services in the Field of Public Health and Active Longevity «Quality of Life»

Shestopalov A.V.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University;
Molecular Health Center LLC

Roumiantsev S.A.

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University;
Molecular Health Center LLC

Received:

24.01.2022

Accepted:

11.07.2022

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