Low physical activity (PA) is one of the leading risk factors for non-communicable disease (NCD) development, such as cardio-vascular disease, diabetes II and several types of cancer. For many years low PA was not recognized as an important NCD risk factor, it was a "stepdaughter" of prevention. During last decade the problem has attracted more attention of the scientists and politicians: several background papers were published in the fields of PA. Evidence-based recommendations are based on the fact that benefit for health from PA determined by weekly energy expenditure. International questionnaire for evaluation of PA in population (IPAQ) was translated and adapted for evaluation of levels of PA of Russian population and comparison of data based on international comparable indicators. Currently those questionnaires have been implemented in more the 130 countries. In Russia one of them was translated and implemented in Moscow in 2000. In Russia as well as worldwide increasing PA in population is not only issue of sport or medicine. This is a challenge for physical, social and economic environment. Thus, it is a multi-sectorial problem and increase of PA in population, as other programs for disease prevention and health promotion, need collaboration of different sectors.