According to the WHO, endometriosis is a disease characterized by the presence of tissue resembling endometrium outside the uterus. This disease is the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls. The etiology and pathogenesis remain completely unexplored and include many theories. Due to normalization of dysmenorrhea, there is delay to diagnosis and treatment. The diagnostics should include qualitative anamnesis collection, consideration of clinical presentation and instrumental examination methods. To early diagnosis, a search is underway for specific biomarkers, among which special hope is placed on microRNA research. In the treatment of endometriosis, it is recommended to use a multidisciplinary and personalized approach, including the use of painkillers, hormonal drugs, and surgical intervention. NSAIDs are the first-line therapy for pain suppression. Adolescents can also be recommended the use of CHC and progestin-only options. When the above are ineffective, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists with add back treatment can be considered. However, there are age restrictions on the appointment of this group of drugs. Laparoscopic removal of foci of endometrioid heterotopias is used as surgical treatment. In addition, supplementary treatment methods such as acupuncture, yoga, physiotherapy, etc. can also be used.