The analysis of statistical data is of fundamental importance for the organization of effective work of oncology services. Objective — to comparatively analyze morbidity and mortality rates and the state of oncology service for lung cancer (LC) patients in the Orenburg Region and the Russian Federation over 2007—2016. Material and methods. The data of the federal state cancer reporting system were analyzed using the Statistica 6.0 software program. Results. LC occupies the first place in the structure of morbidity and mortality due to malignant neoplasms in the male population of the Russian Federation (17.6 and 26.5%, respectively). Among the regions of the Russian Federation, the Orenburg Region ranks seventh and eighth in male LC morbidity and mortality rates, respectively. The above period was marked by 15.26- and 19.05-fold decreases in LC morbidity in men and by 13.07- and 0.51-fold increases in women, respectively. In 2016, the cancer care indicators were comparable by the Russian Federation and the Orenburg Region: LC was detected actively in 23.3% and 31% of cases; Stages I—II in 28.7 and 34% and Stage IV in 40.9 and 33.9%; more than 42.0 and 42.5% had been registered for 5 years; the mortality rates within the first of diagnosis were 50.6 and 49.1% of cases, respectively. The increase in the number of patients registered for 5 years or more and the decrease in mortality correlated only with the diagnosis of Stages I—II LC (p=0.02 and p=0.014, respectively). No correlations were found between these indicators and special treatment options. Conclusion. The findings suggest that it is necessary to work out effective screening programs for LC and methods for its active prevention.