To date, cancer-associated thrombosis and venous thromboembolism (VTE) are a common cause of death in cancer patients. A number of coagulation abnormalities are well known to develop in malignant neoplasms, providing an increased tendency of patients to thrombosis and hemorrhage. Abnormalities in one or more coagulation tests are common in all cancer patients even without obvious thrombotic and/or hemorrhagic manifestations. The high incidence of hemostatic disorders requires a VTE prevention system at the stages of hospitalization, surgical and certain types of chemotherapy. This has prompted the widespread introduction of standard VTE prevention protocols, which, along with the improvement of anticancer therapies, could improve the survival of cancer patients. However, the rate of VTE mortality has remained high so far and is often not taken into account in the statistics of cancer, because it develops sometimes in late periods after treatment. The presented data may suggest that the problem of thromboembolic events requires the development of new systems for prediction of risks, prevention, approaches to treatment and follow-up of this category of patients. The article analyzes the epidemiology, pathogenesis, laboratory and clinical features of thrombosis in malignant diseases, and methods for VTE diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.