Literature data devoted to efficiency and safety of modern algorithms of inferior vena cava filter (CF) implantation for venous thromboembolic complications (VTEC) are reviewed in the article. One of the objectives of the review was analysis of whether an assessment of the balance of efficacy and safety of CF had been previously conducted. In the majority of trials, mortality and incidence of recurrent pulmonary embolism were compared to analyze efficacy of CF. CF implantation is followed by lifelong intake of anticoagulants with risks of bleeding or, conversely, thrombosis in case of inadequate anticoagulant therapy. Mortality cannot be the only criterion to assess efficacy of CF in prevention of VTEC. There are still no studies comparing patients with prevented pulmonary embolism (i.e. with embolic CF occlusion) and those without thrombus migration from the lower extremity veins. Current recommendations for CF insertion are not based on the same strict evidences as recommendations for anticoagulant therapy despite widespread clinical use of CF. American College of Chest Physicians guidelines are internationally accepted recommendations for CF deployment. In our country, guidelines of the Russian Association of Phlebologists are widely utilized. This document suggests expanded indications for cava filters insertion. Effectiveness and safety of certain recommendations of various expert groups are not still confirmed. Therefore, appropriate researches are required to assess positive and negative aspects of CF implantation in patients with VTEC.