The objective of this study was to evaluate compliance with the prescribed anticoagulation and compression therapy during the period of rehabilitation of patients after deep vein thrombosis. The study included 254 patients who were discharged from the hospitals 7-80 (median 39) prior to its beginning. The patients were interviewed to collect information about compliance with the prescribed anticoagulation and compression therapy under the outpatient conditions with special reference to the quality of laboratory control over adequacy of the anticoagulation treatment. It was shown that each fifth patient (20.5%) did not at all use anticoagulants and each third one (29.6%) stopped using them prematurely. Each third patient (29.1%) of those who used indirect anticoagulative agents did it in the absence of any control whatever, and only one quarter of the patients (23-31%) adhered to the prescribed duration of therapy and adequately controlled it.