The aim of research. To study the comparative results of traditional and laparoscopic methods of diagnosis and treatment of non-tumor acute small bowel obstruction (NTASBO), to develop diagnostic and treatment algorithm. Materials and methods. The results of the study 367 patients operated on for NTASBO. All patients were divided into 2 groups: study group and control group. Results. From 2004 to 2013 with an increase in the share of operations using laparoscopic techniques in NTASBO, there is a tendency to reduce the number and percentage of complications. The average percentage of complications in the main group was 2.17 times lower than in the control. The median «number of complications» in the control group was 3 [2, 3], in the study group was 1 [1, 2]. The average duration of treatment in the control group was 13.2 days, in the study group 12.4 days. The overall mortality in NTASBO in the control group was 10.5%, whereas in study group it was 4.1% (p<0.05). Conclusions. During the study period, with the release of surgeons on the plateau of training of emergency laparoscopic surgery, an increase in the share of operations in NTASBO using laparoscopic techniques to 37.6% (p<0.05) in the total number of operations in NTASBO. Reached in our study share of laparoscopic surgery in 37.5% at NTASBO is achievable and reproducible in the presence of stable manual skills in surgeons, and can be increased further without increasing the incidence of complications.