Monkeypox is a particularly dangerous zoonotic natural focal viral disease. Since August 2024, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the monkeypox outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. To date, the situation In Russia remains stable, the number of registered laboratory-confirmed cases of monkeypox is three people, but the potential danger of importation of the monkeypox virus into our country as a result of the development of tourism and the expansion of economic ties with endemic countries cannot be ruled out. The article discusses detection techniques for diagnosing monkeypox, including classical, immunological, and molecular methods, both for point-of-care and for laboratory diagnostics. According to WHO standards, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the gold standard for laboratory diagnostics of monkeypox. Due to the unfavorable situation in the world, several test systems using qPCR with fluorescent detection have also been developed and released In Russia. The Centre for Strategic Planning of the Federal medical and biological agency is developing relevant set of reagents for detecting monkeypox virus DNA and differentiating genetic variants of the virus of clades I and II, which cause diseases of varying severity and mortality. It is also obvious that there is an urgent need for domestic technologies for rapid diagnostics of monkeypox for testing at a medical site in the event of a complication of the epidemiological situation. Early diagnosis and treatment may prevent the spread of infection. Investments in research and development in this area can significantly increase the level of preparedness for potential monkeypox epidemics.