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Клинико-динамические особенности нервной анорексии и ее типов

Клинико-динамические особенности нервной анорексии и ее типов

Авторы:
Евгения Владимировна Мазурова,
Ольга Анатольевна Карпенко

Журнал: Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2026;126(9):28-36.

DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202612609128

Прочитано: 98 раз

Резюме

ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

Систематизировать современные данные о клинико-динамических характеристиках нервной анорексии (НА) и ее отдельных типов с определением их клинических проявлений, особенностей течения и возможных исходов.

МАТЕРИАЛ И МЕТОДЫ

Проведен нарративный обзор отечественной и зарубежной литературы по проблеме НА и ее типов. Поиск публикаций осуществлялся в базах данных Scopus, PubMed, eLibrary и Google Scholar за 1986—2026 гг.; для систематизации и интерпретации данных использовался описательный анализ.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ

В обзоре рассмотрены различия между ограничительным типом НА (НА-О) и типом НА с паттерном переедание/очищение (НА-П/О), затрагивающие особенности когнитивного контроля, системы вознаграждения, личностных характеристик, а также генетических предпосылок к развитию расстройства. Вместе с тем высокая частота переходов между типами свидетельствует о динамическом характере клинических проявлений НА и ограничивает возможность их однозначного разграничения как самостоятельных расстройств. Полученные данные показывают, что НА-О чаще ассоциирован с ригидностью мышления, перфекционизмом и гиперконтролем, тогда как НА-П/О чаще сопровождается эмоциональной дисрегуляцией и импульсивностью.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

НА-О и тип НА-П/О имеют как общие клинические основания, так и значимые различия, определяющие специфику их проявлений, течения и лечения. Высокая частота переходов между двумя типами указывает на их клинико-динамическую взаимосвязь и не позволяет рассматривать их как полностью изолированные формы заболевания. Результаты обзора подчеркивают необходимость дальнейшей разработки индивидуализированных подходов к диагностике, терапии и профилактике рецидивов и уточнения прогностических критериев у пациентов с различными клиническими вариантами заболевания.

Ключевые слова

  • расстройства пищевого поведения
  • нервная анорексия
  • система вознаграждения
  • нейробиология нервной анорексии
  • генетические факторы НА
  • типы нервной анорексии

Конфликт интересов

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Дата поступления: 04.05.2026

Дата принятия в печать: 09.06.2026

Дата публикации: 20.10.2026

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