The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Levin O.S.

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Vasenina E.E.

Russian Medical Academy of Continuing Professional Education

Beniashvili A.G.

Centre for Mental Health Research

Morozova M.A.

Centre for Mental Health Research

New Opportunities in the Treatment of Moderate Cognitive Impairment: Results of the Millennium Study in Real Clinical Practice

Authors:

Levin O.S., Vasenina E.E., Beniashvili A.G., Morozova M.A.

More about the authors

Read: 735 times


To cite this article:

Levin OS, Vasenina EE, Beniashvili AG, Morozova MA. New Opportunities in the Treatment of Moderate Cognitive Impairment: Results of the Millennium Study in Real Clinical Practice. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;125(12):106‑112. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2025125121106

Recommended articles:
Cyto­kine status of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(4-2):5-12
Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and vascular cognitive diso­rders. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(4-2):26-35
A comprehensive study of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers in plasma and cere­brospinal fluid. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(4-2):43-53
Prospects for treating Alzheimer’s disease. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(4-2):54-60
The role of mono­cytes in the immu­nopathogenesis of multiple scle­rosis. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(7-2):23-27

References:

  1. Levin OS. Predementia neurocognitive impairment in the elderly. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2019;119(9-2):10-17. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro201911909210
  2. Lv B, Wang X, Li J, et al. Mortality from cerebrovascular diseases in China: exploration of recent and future trends. Chin Med J. 2024;137(05):588-595.  https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000002760
  3. Vaisman DSh. Mortality from cerebrovascular diseases in the Russian Federation before and during the COVID-19 epidemic: regional differences. Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2024;27(4):12-17. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed20242704112
  4. Skoog I, Lernfelt B, Landahl S, et al. 15-year longitudinal study of blood pressure and dementia. Lancet. 1996;347(9009):1141-1145. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90608-x
  5. Launer LJ, Masaki K, Petrovitch H, et al. Midlife blood pressure and dementia: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. Neurology. 1995;45(2):336-341.  https://doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4580(00)00096-8
  6. Wolf PA, D’Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, et al. Contributions of the Framingham Heart Study to stroke and dementia epidemiologic research at 60 years. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(5):567-571.  https://doi.org/10.1001/archneurol.2011.977
  7. Hoogendam YY, van der Lijn F, van der Geest JN, et al. Patterns of cognitive function in aging: the Rotterdam Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2014;29:133-140.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-014-9885-4
  8. Zakharov VV. Prevalence and treatment of cognitive impairment in a neurology clinic (results of the all-Russian “PROMETHEUS” study). Consilium Medicum. 2008;10(2):114-118. (In Russ.).
  9. Gorelick PB, Furie KL, Iadecola C, et al. Defining optimal brain health in adults: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2017;48(10):e284-e303. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.0000000000000148
  10. Iadecola C, Yaffe K, Biller J, et al. Impact of hypertension on cognitive function: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2016;68(6):e67-e94.  https://doi.org/10.1161/HYP.0000000000000053
  11. Pacholko A, Iadecola C, Searcy JL, et al. Hypertension, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Hypertension. 2024;81(5):991-1007. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21356
  12. Applegate WB, Pressel S, Wittes J, et al. Impact of the treatment of isolated systolic hypertension on behavioral variables. Results from the systolic hypertension in the elderly program. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:2154-2160.
  13. Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I, et al. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomised double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens. 2003;21:875-886.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200304000-00014
  14. Peters R, Beckett N, Forette F, et al. Incident dementia and blood pressure lowering in the Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial cognitive function assessment (HYVET-COG): a double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7:683-689.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70143-1
  15. Cunningham EL, Todd SA, Passmore P, et al. Pharmacological treatment of hypertension in people without prior cerebrovascular disease for the prevention of cognitive impairment and dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;5:CD004034. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004034.pub4
  16. Li W, Ma D, Liu M, et al. Association between metabolic syndrome and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;25(6):539-547.  https://doi.org/10.1159/000131672
  17. Kurl S, Laukkanen JA, Niskanen L, et al. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of stroke in middle-aged men. Stroke. 2006;37(3):806-811.  https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000204354.06965.44
  18. Williamson JD, Supiano MA, Applegate WB, et al. Intensive vs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults aged ≥75: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016;315(24):2673-2682. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.7050
  19. The ACCORD MIND Investigators. Effects of intensive glucose lowering on brain structure and function in people with type 2 diabetes (ACCORD MIND): a randomised open-label substudy. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10(11):969-977.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(11)70188-0
  20. Sano M, Bell KL, Galasko D, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of simvastatin to treat Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2011;77(6):556-563.  https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0b013e318228bf11
  21. Ott BR, Daiello LA, Dahabreh IJ, et al. Do statins impair cognition? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30(3):348-358.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-014-3115-3
  22. Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(34):3227-3337. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab484
  23. McGuinness B, Todd S, Passmore P, et al. Blood pressure lowering in people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;4:CD009164. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004034.pub3
  24. Wang Z, Ma Z, Wang H, et al. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induces long-lasting cognitive deficits accompanied by long-term hippocampal silent synapses increase in rats. Behav Brain Res. 2016;301:243-252. 
  25. Du SQ, Wang XR, Xiao LY, et al. Molecular mechanisms of vascular dementia: what can be learned from animal models of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion? Mol Neurobiol. 2017;54(5):3670-3682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-9915-1
  26. Barker WW, Luis CA, Kashuba A, et al. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. Behav Brain Res. 2002;16:203-212.  https://doi.org/10.1097/00002093-200210000-00005
  27. Kara B, Rees G, Weintraub S, et al. Vascular and nonvascular mechanisms of cognitive impairment and dementia. Clin Geriatr Med. 2023;39(1):109-122. 
  28. Mekala A, Qiu H, Li D, et al. Interplay Between Vascular Dysfunction and Neurodegenerative Pathology: New Insights into Molecular Mechanisms and Management. Biomolecules. 2025;15(5):712.  https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15050712
  29. Zhang W, Xiao D, Mao Q, et al. Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):267. 
  30. Lokovic BV, Weiss JH, Zlokovic BV, et al. Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease and other disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2011;12(12):723-738.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3114
  31. Iadecola C, Anrather J, Ifuku M, et al. The immunology of stroke: from mechanisms to translation. Nat Med. 2011;17(7):796-808.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nm.2399
  32. Reyes JF, Sandoval R, Herrera-Molina R, et al. The role of inflammasomes in vascular cognitive impairment. Mol Neurodegener. 2022;17:4.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-021-00506-8
  33. Smith AL, Johnson MP, Lee DH, et al. Molecular mechanisms of ischemia and glutamate excitotoxicity. Life Sci. 2023;328:121814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121814
  34. Wang C, Ma Z, Wang Z, et al. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Vascular Dementia. Cells. 2023;14(8):609.  https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14080609
  35. Chen Y, Lopez-Oreja I, Montagne A, et al. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease: associations, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic potential. Front Aging Neurosci. 2023;15:1258640. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1258640
  36. Kim S, Jung UJ, Kim SR, et al. The Crucial Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Mechanisms of Disruption and Therapeutic Implications. J Clin Med. 2025;14(2):386.  https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14020386
  37. Tian Z, Ji X, Liu J, et al. Neuroinflammation in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia: current evidence, advances, and prospects. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(11):6224. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23116224
  38. Kim KJ, Lee GH, Park HJ, et al. Dynamic Neuro-Glial-Vascular Responses in a Mouse Model of Vascular Cognitive Impairment. Neuroglia. 2024;5(4):505-521.  https://doi.org/10.3390/neuroglia5040032
  39. Takata F, Arai K, Takahashi M, et al. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction amplifies the development of neuroinflammation: understanding of cellular events in brain microvascular endothelial cells for prevention and treatment of BBB dysfunction. Front Cell Neurosci. 2021;15:661838. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.661838
  40. Bogolepova AN, Illarioshkin SN, Poluektov MG, et al. Mechanisms of cognitive disorder development and opportunities for its pharmacological correction via Miladean from predementia stage to dementia. Nervnye Bolezni. 2023;4:18-28. (In Russ.).
  41. Levin OS, Zaharov VV, Khacheva KK, et al. Pathogenetic therapy of cognitive impairment: results of a multicenter, placebo-controlled clinical trial of Miladean’s efficacy and safety. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2023;123(5):75-84.  https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202312310160

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.