
Классификация, диагностика и терапия синдрома дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью
Журнал: Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2025;125(11):62-68.
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202512511162
Прочитано: 1687 раз
Резюме
В обзоре литературы анализируются современные представления о синдроме дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью (СДВГ), показана актуальность своевременного выявления заболевания. Представлена рабочая классификация СДВГ, описаны доминирующие коморбидные синдромы (тревожность, нарушения сна, аутизм). Рассмотрены возможности выявления заболевания путем анкетирования «родитель — учитель». Отмечены возрастные особенности СДВГ, гендерные различия, обобщены результаты краткосрочных и долговременных курсов применения атомоксетина, приведены результаты рандомизированных исследований о положительном действии препарата на социализацию пациентов, академическую успеваемость и возможности коррекции коморбидных синдромов тревожности, аутистических расстройств и синкопальных состояний. Атомоксетин в отечественной практике терапии СДВГ является препаратом первой линии.
Ключевые слова
- СДВГ
- когнитивные функции
- тревожность
- атомоксетин
Дата поступления: 10.11.2025
Дата принятия в печать: 12.11.2025
Дата публикации: 09.12.2025
- Chronis-Tuscano A, Bounoua N. ADHD Prevalence Rose, Yet Disparities Remain: Commentary on the 2022 National Survey of Children’s Health. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2024;53(3):361-372. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2024.2359075
- Cénat JM, Blais-Rochette C, Morse C, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among US Black Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(1):21-28. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.2788
- Nourredine M, Gering A, Fourneret P, et al. Association of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood and Adolescence With the Risk of Subsequent Psychotic Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2021;78(5):519-529. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4799
- Harpin VA. The effect of ADHD on the life of an individual, their family, and community from preschool to adult life. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90 Suppl 1:2-7. https://doi.org/10.1136/adc.2004.059006
- Asherson P. Clinical assessment and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. Expert Rev Neurother. 2005;5(4):525-539. https://doi.org/10.1586/14737175.5.4.525
- See LC, Li HM, Chao KY, et al. Knowledge of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder among the general public, parents, and primary school teachers. Obs Study Med (Baltimore). 2021;100(12):e25245. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000025245
- Cortese S, Coghill D. Twenty years of research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): looking back, looking forward. Evid Based Ment Health. 2018;21(4):173-176. https://doi.org/10.1136/ebmental-2018-300050
- Šerý O, Paclt I, Drtílková I, et al. A 40-bp VNTR polymorphism in the 3’-untranslated region of DAT1/SLC6A3 is associated with ADHD but not with alcoholism. Behav Brain Func. 2015;11(6):21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12993-015-0066-8
- Grünblatt E, Werling A, Roth A, et al. Association study and a systematic meta-analysis of the VNTR polymorphism in the 3’-UTR of dopamine transporter gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder Meta-Analysis. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2019;126(4):517-529. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-019-01998-x
- Vázquez-González D, Carreón-Trujillo S, Alvarez-Arellano L, et al. A Potential Role for Neuroinflammation in ADHD. Adv Exp Med Bio. 2023:1411:327-356. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7376-5_15
- Claussen A, Holbrook J, Hutchins H, et al. All in the Family? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Parenting and Family Environment as Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children. Prev Sci. 2024;25(Suppl 2):249-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-022-01358-4
- The World Health Organization Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition. Arlington VA. American Psychiatric Association; JAMA Psychiatry. 2017;74(5):520-527. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0298
- Park S, Cho SC, Kim JW, et al. Differential perinatal risk factors in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder by subtype. Psychiatry Res. 2014;219(3):609-616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.036
- Somogyi S, Kilencz T, Szőcs K, et al. Differential neurocognitive profiles in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes revealed by the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2024;274(7):1741-1758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-023-01702-x
- Young S, Adamo N, Ásgeirsdóttir B, et al. Females with ADHD: An expert consensus statement taking a lifespan approach providing guidance for the identification and treatment of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder in girls and women. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):404. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02707-9
- Sung V, Hiscock H, Sciberras E, Efron D. Sleep problems in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: prevalence and the effect on the child and family. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162:336-342. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.162.4.336
- Lycett K, Mensah F, Hiscock, Sciberras HS. A prospective study of sleep problems in children with ADHD. Sleep Med. 2014;15(6):1354-1361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2014.06.004
- Stein M, Weiss M, Hlavaty L. ADHD treatments, sleep, and sleep problems: complex associations. Neurotherapeutics. 2012;9(3):509-517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-012-0130-0
- Fliers EA, Buitelaar JK, Maras A, et al. ADHD is a risk factor for overweight and obesity in children. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2013;34(8):566-574. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e3182a50a67
- DSM, DSM-5, and DSM-5-TR are registered trademarks of the American Psychiatric Association. Psychiatric Association Publishing, 800 Maine Avenue SW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20024-2812. 2022. ISBN 978-0-89042-575-6.
- Wolraich M, Joseph F, Hagan J, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents Pediatrics. Neurotherapeutics. 2019;144(4):e20192528. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-2528
- Зыков В.П., Комарова И.Б. Диагностика, патогенез и лечение синдрома дефицита внимания. Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2023;123(6):22-29. https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202312306122
- Robinson O, Krimsky M, Grillon C. The impact of induced anxiety on response inhibition. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7(4):69. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00069
- León-Barriera R, Ortegon R, Chaplin M, Modesto-Lowe V. Treating ADHD and Comorbid Anxiety in Children: A Guide for Clinical Practice. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2023;62(1):39-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/00099228221111246
- Khoodoruth M, Ouanes S, Khan Y. A systematic review of the use of atomoxetine for management of comorbid anxiety disorders in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Res Dev Disabil. 2022;128:104275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104275
- Landínez-Martínez D, Montoya-Londoño D, Aguirre-Aldana L, et al. Neuropsychological and Academic Performance in Colombian Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Comparative Study with a Control Group. Children (Basel). 2025;12(5):561. https://doi.org/10.3390/children12050561
- May T, Birch E, Chaves K, at al. The Australian evidence-based clinical practice guideline for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2023;57(8):1101-1116. https://doi.org/10.1177/00048674231166329
- Spetie L, Arnold E. Ethical issues in child psychopharmacology research and practice: emphasis on preschoolers. Rev Psychopharmacol. (Berl). 2007;191(1):15-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-006-0685-8
- Ota T, Iida J, Nakanishi Y, et al. Increased prefrontal hemodynamic change after atomoxetine administration in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2015;69(3):161-170. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12251
- Sergeant J. The cognitive-energetic model: an empirical approach to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000;24(1):7-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00060-3
- Kay B, Wheelock MD, Siegel J, et al. Stimulant medications affect arousal and reward, not attention. bioRxiv [Preprint]. 2025;2025.05.19.654915. https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.05.19.654915
- Cubillo A, Smith A, Barrett N, et al. Shared and Drug-Specific Effects of Atomoxetine and Methylphenidate on Inhibitory Brain Dysfunction in Medication-Naive ADHD Boys. Cereb Cortex. 2012;24(1):174-185. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs296
- Fuentes J, Danckaerts M, Cardo E, et al. Long-term quality-of-life and functioning comparison of atomoxetine versus other standard treatment in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder Clinical Trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013;33(6):766-774. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCP.0b013e31829c762b
- Griffiths K, Leikauf J, Tsang T, et al. Response inhibition and emotional cognition improved by atomoxetine in children and adolescents with ADHD: The ACTION randomized controlled trial. J Psychiatr Res. 2018; 102(4):57-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.03.009
- Clemow D, Bushe C. Atomoxetine in patients with ADHD: A clinical and pharmacological review of the onset, trajectory, duration of response and implications for patients. J Psychopharmacol. 2015;29(12):1221-1230. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881115602489
- Tajdini M, Aminorroaya A, Tavolinejad H, et al. Atomoxetine as an adjunct to nonpharmacological treatments for preventing vasovagal attacks in patients with recurrent vasovagal syncope: A pilot randomized-controlled trial. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2021;34:100789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcha.2021.100789
- Johnson M, Johnels A, Östlund S, et al. Long-term medication for ADHD and development of cognitive functions in children and adolescents. Clin Trial J Psychiatr Res. 2021;142:204-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.055
- Johnson M, Johnels A, Östlund S, et al. Long-term medication for ADHD (LMA) trial: 2-year prospective observational study in children and adolescents. Core symptoms, daily functioning, and comorbidity outcomes. Observational Study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2024;274(4):879-890. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-023-01744-1
- Alsayouf H, Alsarhan O, Khreisat W, et al. Atomoxetine Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in 3-6-Year-Old Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Children (Basel). 2024;11(2):163. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11020163
- Resen K, Pagsberg A, Jörgens G. Atomoxetine for treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD. Ugeskr Laeger. 2014;176(10A):V07130447.
- Deng L, Zhou P, Zhu L, et al. Methylphenidate and atomoxetine treatment negatively affect physical growth indexes of school-age children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2021;208:173225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173225
- Garnock-Jones K, Keating G. Atomoxetine: a review of its use in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Paed Drugs. 2009;11(3):203-226. https://doi.org/10.2165/00148581-200911030-00005
- Cortese S, Ferrin M, Brandeis D, et al. European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG). Cognitive training for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis of clinical and neuropsychological outcomes from randomized controlled trials. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015;54(3):164-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.12.010
- Dong H, Wang L, Bai M, et al. Screen time is a predictor of cognitive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Res. 2025;98(5):1884-1891. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-025-04026-9
- Hiscock H, Sciberras E, Mensah F, et al. Impact of a behavioural sleep intervention on symptoms and sleep in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and parental mental health: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2015;350:h68. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h68
- Shaw M, Hodgkins P, Caci H, et al. A systematic review and analysis of long-term outcomes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of treatment and non-treatment. BMC Med. 2012;10:99. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-10-99
- Harpin V, Mazzone L, Raynaud J, et al. Long-Term Outcomes of ADHD: A Systematic Review of Self-Esteem and Social Function. Atten Disord. 2016;20(4):295-305. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054713486516
Рекомендуем статьи по данной теме:
Родоразрешение женщин с эпилепсией: аспекты анестезиологии.Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога. 2026;26(3):23-30
Нейропсихологические нарушения у больных с постсифилитической серорезистентностью.Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2026;126(6):66-70
Применение лекарственных средств для лечения синдрома обструктивного апноэ сна.Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. Спецвыпуски. 2026;126(5-2):48-54
Предикторы вовлеченности в жизнь у пациентов с шизофренией.Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2026;126(5):83-87
Оценка результативности применения технологии виртуальной реальности при гинекологических операциях.Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2026;(3):50-55
Консенсус международного междисциплинарного Совета экспертов по проблеме терапии коморбидных состояний при СДВГ в детском возрасте.Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2026;126(4):129-134
Актеозид: спектр нейробиологической активности, потенциал в терапии возраст-ассоциированных нейродегенеративных заболеваний.Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2026;126(4):41-47
Головная боль при цереброваскулярных заболеваниях.Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2026;126(3):58-67
Влияние полиморфных вариантов генов нейротрофических факторов на тяжесть заболевания и уровень тревожности при аффективных расстройствах, коморбидных с алкогольной зависимостью.Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2026;126(1):126-131
Проблемное использование интернета детьми с синдромом дефицита внимания с гиперактивностью.Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова. 2026;126(1):69-76




