The paper provides an overview of the current state of the problem of antithrombotic therapy in angioneurology. Given the importance and prevalence of cerebral atherosclerosis as one of the leading etiological factors of acute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders (CCD), the paper focuses mainly on antiplatelet therapy. The most recent recommendations for the use of acetylsalicylic acid and clopidogrel, the main antiplatelet drugs, are highlighted. The clinical failure of primary or secondary prevention of cerebrovascular diseases, one of the reasons for which is resistance to the therapy, is considered separately. The authors discuss the causes of aspirin resistance and ways to overcome it, one of which may be a switch to another drug. The well-known medication dipyridamole is proposed as a possible alternative and/or addition to the treatment regimen. The most modern ideas about the mechanisms of its action are described, the pleiotropy of its effects is emphasized. The results of own studies on assessment of the effectiveness and safety of dipyridamole (curantil) in patients with various forms of CCD are presented. The results of the CCD pilot project to study the antiplatelet profile of dipyridamole in patients with such a cause of ischemic NMC as Ph-negative myeloproliferative diseases are discussed separately. It is noted that when prescribing both dipyridamole and acetylsalicylic acid preparations, comparable platelet aggregation levels are determined. In conclusion, the need to follow the paradigm of personalized therapy is emphasized, in which individually selected therapy is prescribed (including) taking into account resistance to a particular drug.