The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-4329
+8 800 250-18-12
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2026
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Sorokina E.G.

NII neotlozhnoĭ detskoĭ khirurgii i travmatologii, Nauchnyĭ tsentr zdorov'ia deteĭ RAMN, Institut vyssheĭ nervnoĭ deiatel'nosti i neĭrofiziologii RAN, Moskva;
OOO "Gerofarm", Sankt-Peterburg

Semenova Zh.B.

NII neotlozhnoĭ detskoĭ khirurgii i travmatologii, Moskva

Averianova N.S.

Federal State Autonomous Institution «National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia

Karaseva O.V.

State budgetary healthcare facility «Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology», Moscow Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation

Arsenieva E.N.

Research Center of Children Нealth, Moscow

Lukyanov V.I.

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Children’s Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow Health Department, Moscow, Russia

Reutov V.P.

NII neotlozhnoĭ detskoĭ khirurgii i travmatologii, Nauchnyĭ tsentr zdorov'ia deteĭ RAMN, Institut vyssheĭ nervnoĭ deiatel'nosti i neĭrofiziologii RAN, Moskva;
OOO "Gerofarm", Sankt-Peterburg

Asanov A.Yu.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), Moscow, Russia

Roshal' L.M.

Nauchno-issledovatel'skiĭ institut neotlozhnoĭ detskoĭ khirurgii i travmatologii, Moskva

Pinelis V.G.

NII neotlozhnoĭ detskoĭ khirurgii i travmatologii, Nauchnyĭ tsentr zdorov'ia deteĭ RAMN, Institut vyssheĭ nervnoĭ deiatel'nosti i neĭrofiziologii RAN, Moskva;
OOO "Gerofarm", Sankt-Peterburg

APOΕ gene polymorphism and markers of brain damage in the outcomes of severe traumatic brain injury in children

Authors:

Sorokina E.G., Semenova Zh.B., Averianova N.S., Karaseva O.V., Arsenieva E.N., Lukyanov V.I., Reutov V.P., Asanov A.Yu., Roshal' L.M., Pinelis V.G.

More about the authors

Journal: S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2020;120(4): 72‑80

DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202012004172

Read: 1107 times

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

APOΕ GENE POLYMORPHISM AND MARKERS OF BRAIN DAMAGE IN THE OUTCOMES OF SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN CHILDREN
APOΕ GENE POLYMORPHISM AND MARKERS OF BRAIN DAMAGE IN THE OUTCOMES OF SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY IN CHILDREN

To cite this article:

Sorokina EG, Semenova ZhB, Averianova NS, et al. APOΕ gene polymorphism and markers of brain damage in the outcomes of severe traumatic brain injury in children. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2020;120(4):72‑80. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro202012004172

Подписка 2026 Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова (S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry)
МСФ на ЯМ
Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Reorganization of the corticospinal tract and thalamocortical projections in children with sequelae of severe traumatic brain injury. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(5):56-61
Effi­cacy of Reco­gnan in the therapy of neurological diso­rders after traumatic brain injury. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(7):41-45
Traumatic brain injury: cognitive, affe­ctive diso­rders, and post-traumatic atta­cks. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(12):29-35
Inte­rleukin-6, cortisol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor as biomarkers of the seve­rity of traumatic brain injury and its complications in acute and long-term periods: resu­lts of a prospective study. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(12):237-243
Risk factors of unfa­vorable outcome after deco­mpressive craniectomy in children with severe traumatic brain injury. Burdenko's Journal of Neurosurgery. 2025;(3):42-47
Biomarkers of acute cere­bral damage in complex diagnosis of sepsis-associated ence­phalopathy. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2025;(3):6-13
Predictors of adve­rse outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury. Burdenko's Journal of Neurosurgery. 2025;(5):71-78
Model for predicting mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2025;(5):66-73
Microscopic asse­ssment of cere­bral edema in fatal traumatic brain injury during the first hour of the post-traumatic period. Fore­nsic Medi­cal Expe­rtise. 2026;(1):26-29
Preeclampsia: a neurogenic conflict between mother and fetus. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2026;(1):63-70
Abstract:

Objective. To compare apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes with outcomes and levels of neuromarkers in children with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Material and methods. APOE polymorphisms were genotyped in 69 children with severe TBI. The following markers of brain damage were identified: neuron-specific enolase (NSE), glial protein S100b, content of autoantibodies (aAB) to glutamate receptors (to the NR2 subunit of NMDA receptors), aAB to S100b and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Results and Conclusion. There was no association between APOE 3/3, 3/4, 3/2 genotypes and outcomes assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). The greatest number of favorable outcomes was noted in the group of APOE 3/3 genotype carriers (60%). The ratio of favorable outcomes to unfavorable outcomes was equal (50%:50%) in groups with APOE 3/4 and APOE 3/2 genotypes. An association between APOE polymorphism and BDNF was found: there were normal BDNF levels in the APOE 3/3 group and reduced levels in the APOE 3/2 group. The correlation between neuromarkers and GOS scores was shown for BDNF and aAB to S100b. In children with favorable TBI outcomes, normal BDNF levels and a lower level of aAB to S100b were observed. Regardless of APOE genotypes, almost all children with severe TBI (95%) showed a significant increase in aAB to glutamate receptors in the remote period and most children had an increase in aAB to S100b in the blood. This fact can be explained by the presence of cerebral hypoxia, activation of autoimmune processes and increased BBB permeability, which may be enhanced by increased NO content and intensification of oxidative processes in children with severe TBI.

Keywords:

apolipoprotein E (APOE 4) gene polymorphism
APOE (ε3
ε4
ε2) alleles
traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Glasgow outcome scale (GOS)
neuromarkers (NSE
S100b
BDNF)
autoantibodies to glutamate receptors and to S100b

Authors:

Sorokina E.G.

NII neotlozhnoĭ detskoĭ khirurgii i travmatologii, Nauchnyĭ tsentr zdorov'ia deteĭ RAMN, Institut vyssheĭ nervnoĭ deiatel'nosti i neĭrofiziologii RAN, Moskva;
OOO "Gerofarm", Sankt-Peterburg

Semenova Zh.B.

NII neotlozhnoĭ detskoĭ khirurgii i travmatologii, Moskva

Averianova N.S.

Federal State Autonomous Institution «National Medical Research Center of Children’s Health» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia

Karaseva O.V.

State budgetary healthcare facility «Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology», Moscow Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation

Arsenieva E.N.

Research Center of Children Нealth, Moscow

Lukyanov V.I.

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Children’s Surgery and Traumatology, Moscow Health Department, Moscow, Russia

Reutov V.P.

NII neotlozhnoĭ detskoĭ khirurgii i travmatologii, Nauchnyĭ tsentr zdorov'ia deteĭ RAMN, Institut vyssheĭ nervnoĭ deiatel'nosti i neĭrofiziologii RAN, Moskva;
OOO "Gerofarm", Sankt-Peterburg

Asanov A.Yu.

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenovskiy University), Moscow, Russia

Roshal' L.M.

Nauchno-issledovatel'skiĭ institut neotlozhnoĭ detskoĭ khirurgii i travmatologii, Moskva

Pinelis V.G.

NII neotlozhnoĭ detskoĭ khirurgii i travmatologii, Nauchnyĭ tsentr zdorov'ia deteĭ RAMN, Institut vyssheĭ nervnoĭ deiatel'nosti i neĭrofiziologii RAN, Moskva;
OOO "Gerofarm", Sankt-Peterburg

Close metadata

References:

  1. Potapov AA, Roshal LM, Likhterman LB, Kravchuk AD. Traumatic brain injury: problems and perspectives. Voprosi neurochirurgii im. N.N. Burdenko. 2009;2:3-8. (In Russ.).
  2. Valliulina SA, Sharova EA. Epidemiological aspects of traumatic brain injury in children. Neurology and neurosurgery of children age. 2012;2-3:32-33. (In Russ.).
  3. Flanagan SR, Cantor JB, Ashman TA. Traumatic brain injury: future assessment tools and treatment prospects. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment. 2008;4(5):877-892. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S1985
  4. Chiang M-F, Chang J-G, Hu C-J. Association between apolipoprotein E genotype and outcome of traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochir. 2003;145:646-649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00701-003-0069-3
  5. Nathoo N, Chetty R, Path FRC, van Dellen JR, Connolly C, Naidoo R. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and outcome after closed traumatic brain injury: influence of ethnic and regional differences. J. Neurosurgery. 2003;98:302-306. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.98.2.0302
  6. Zhou W, Xu D, Peng X, Zhang Q, Jia J, Grutcher KA. Meta-analysis of APOE4 allele and outcome after traumatic brain injury. J. of Neurotrauma. 2008;25(4):279-290. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2007.0489
  7. Teasdale G, Nicoll J, Murray G, Fiddes M. Association of apolipoprotein E polymorphism with outcome after head injury. Lancet. 1997;350:1069-1071. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(97)04318-3
  8. Friedman G, Froom P, Sazbon L, Grinblatt I, Shochina M, Tsenter J, Babaey S, Ben Yehuda A, Groswasser Z. Apolipoprotein E-e4 genotype predicts a poor outcome in survivors of traumatic brain injury. Neurology. 1999;52:244-248. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.52.2.244
  9. Ost M, Nylen K, Csajbok L, Blennov K, Rosengren L, Nellgard B. Apolihoprotein E polymorphism and gender difference in outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 2008;52:1364-1369. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.2008.01675.x
  10. Olivercrona M, Wildemir Z, Koskinen LO. The apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele and outcome after severe traumatic brain injury treated by an intracranial pressure-targeted therapy. J. Neurosurg. 2010;112:1113-1119. https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.8.JNS09636
  11. Shankar SK, Pruthi N, Chandramouli BA, Kuttappa TB, Rao SL, Subbakrishna DK, Abraham MP, Mahadevan A. Apolihoprotein E polymorphismand outcome after mild to moderate traumatic brain injury: a study of patient population in India. Neurol India. 2010;58:264-269. https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.63810
  12. Teasdale GM, Murray GD, Nicoll JA. The association between APOE epsilon4, age and outcome after head injury: a prospective cohort study. Brain. 2005;128:2556-2561. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh595
  13. Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Gaskell PC, Small GW, Roses AD, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA. Gene dose of apolipoproteine E type 4 allele and the risk of alzzzheimer’s disease in late onset families. Science. 1993;261:921-504. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.8346443
  14. McCarron MO, De Long , Alberts MJ. APOE genotype as a risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Neurology. 1999;53:13. https://doi.org/10.1212/wnl.53.6.1308
  15. Kuhlmann I, Minihane AM, Huebbe P, Nebel A, Rimbach G. Apolipoprotein E genotype and hepatitis C, HIV and herpes simplex disease risk: a literature review. Lipids in Health and Disease. 2010;9:8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-9-8
  16. Li L, Bao Y, He S, Wang G, Guan Y, Ma D, Wu R, Wang P, Huang Xi, Tao Sh, Liu Q, Wang Y, Yang J. The association between apolipoprotein E and functional outcome after traumatic brain injury. A meta-analysis. Medicine. 2015;94(46):e2028. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000002028
  17. Alexander S, Kerr ME, Kim Y, Kamboch MI, Beers SR,Conley YP. Apolipoprotein E4 allele presence functional outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. 2007;(24):790-797. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2006.0133
  18. Diaz-Arrastia R, Gong Y, Fair S, Scott K.D, Garcia MC, Carlile MC, Agostini MA, Van Ness PC. Increased risk of late posttraumatic seizures associated with inheritance of APOE epsilon4 allele. Arch Neurol. 2003;60(6):818-822. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.60.6.818
  19. Sofroniev MV. Astrocyte barriers to neurotoxic inflammation. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2015;16(5):249-263. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3898
  20. Bell RD, Winkler EA, Singh I, Sagare AP, Deane R, Wu Z, Holtzman DM, Betsholtz C, Armulik A, Sallstrom J, Berk BC, Zlokovic BV. Apolipoprotein E controls cerebrovascular integrity via cyclophilin A. Nature. 2012;485:512–516. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11087
  21. Pinelis VG, Sorokina EG, Semenova JB, Karaseva OV, Mescheryakov CV, Chernisheva NA, Arsenieva EN, Roshal LM. Biomarkers in children with traumatic brain injury. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psichiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2015;115(8):66-72. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro20151158166-72
  22. Pinelis VG, Sorokina EG. Autoimmune mechanisms of modulation of glutamate receptors. Vestnik Rossiiskoi academii medicinskix nauk. 2008;12:44-51. (In Russ.).
  23. Sorokina EG, Semenova ZhB, Bazarnaya NA, Meshcheryakov SV, Reutov VP, Goryunova AV, Pinelis VG, Granstrem OK, Roshal LM. Autoantibodies to glutamate receptors and products of nitric oxide metabolism in serum in children in the acute phase of craniocerebral trauma. Neurosci Behav Physiol. 2009;39(4):329-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11055-009-9147-1
  24. Sorokina EG, Semenova ZhB, Granstrem OK, Karaseva OV, Meshcheryakov SV, Reutov VP, Sushkevich GN, Pinelis VG, Roshal LM. S100B protein and autoantibodies to S100B protein in diagnostics of brain damage in craniocerebral trauma in children. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psichiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2010;110(8):25-30. (In Russ.).
  25. Kamboh MI, Sanghera DK, Ferrell RE, DeKosky ST. APOE*4-associated Alzheimer’s disease risk is modified by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin polymorphism. Nature Genetics. 1995;10(4):486-488. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0895-486
  26. Aslanidis C, Schmitz G. High-speed apolipoprotein E genotyping and apolipoprotein B 3500 mutation detection using real-time fluorescence PCR and melting curves. Clin Chem. 1999;45(7):1094-1097.
  27. Dambinova SA, Odinak MM, Skulyabin DI, Khunteev GA, Skvortsova VI. Laboratory methods in epilepsy and cerebrovascular disorders. Zhurnal Nevrologii i Psichiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova. 2001;101(1):58-64. (In Russ.).
  28. Dambinova SA, Khounteev GA, Izykenova GA, Zavolokov IG, Ilyukhina AY, Skoromets AA. Blood Test Detecting Autoantibodies to N-Methyl-D-aspartate Neuroreceptors for Evaluation of Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke. Clinical Chemistry. 2003;49(10):1752-1762. https://doi.org/10.1373/49.10.1752
  29. Malashenkova IK, Krinskiy SA, Mamoshina MV, Didkovskiy NA. Polimorfizm gena APOE: vliyanie allelya APOE4 na sisnemnoe vospalenie i ego rol v patogeneze bolezni Altsgeimera. Meditsinskaya immunologiya. 2018;20(3):303-312. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-2018-3-303-312
  30. Boiko ER, Kaneva AM. Apoprotein and its significance in clinical physiology.Uspehi Fisiologicheskix nauk. 2009;40(1):3-15. (In Russ.).
  31. Graham DI, McIntosh TK, Maxwell WL, Nicoll JA. Recent advances in neurotrauma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2000;59:641-651. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnen/59.8.641
  32. Kovacs SK, Leonessa F, Ling GS. Blast TBI models, neuropathology, and implications for seizure risk. Frontiers in Neurology. 2014;5:47. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2014.00047
  33. Nemetz PN, Leibson C, Naessens JM, Beard M, Kokmen E, Annegers JF, Kurland LT. Traumatic brain injury and time to onset of Alzheimer’s disease: a population-based study. American Journal of Epidemiology. 1999;149(1):32-40. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009724
  34. Smith DH, Chen XH, Iwata A, Graham DI. Amyloid beta accumulation in axons after traumatic brain injury in humans. J. Neurosurg. 2003;98:1072-1077. https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.98.5.1072
  35. Roberts GW, Gentleman SM, Lynch A, Murray L, Landon M, Graham DI. Beta amyloid protein deposition in the brain after severe head injury: implications for the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer’s disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 1994;57:419-425. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.57.4.419
  36. Johnson VT, Stewart W, Graham DI, Stewart JE, Praestgaard AH, Smith DH. A Neprilysin polymorphism and amyloid-β plaques after traumatic brain injury. J. of Neurotrauma. 2009;26:1197-1202. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2008-0843
  37. Jiang L, Zhong J, Dou X, Chen Ch, Huang Zh, Sun X. Effects of ApoE on intracellular calcium levels and apoptosis of neurons after mechanical injury. Neuroscience. 2015;301:375-383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.06.005
  38. Mahley RW. Apolipoprotein E: cholesterol transport protein with expanding role in cell biology. Science. 1988;240(4852):622-630. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3283935
  39. Zhou Sh, Wu H, Zeng Ch, Xiong X, Tang Sh, Tang Zh, Sun X. Apolipoprotein E protects astrocytes from hypoxia and glutamate-induced apoptosis. FEBS letters. 2013;587:254-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2012.12.003
  40. Smith JD, Miyata M, Poulin SE, Neveux LM, Craig WY. The relationship between apolipoprotein E and serum oxidation-related variables is apolipoprotein E dependent. Int. J. Clin. Lab. Res. 1998;28(2):116-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s005990050030
  41. Hafezi-Moghadam A, Thomas KL, Wagner DD. ApoE deficiency leads to a progressive age-dependent blood-brain barrier leakage. American journal of physiology. Cell physiology. 2007;292:1256-1262. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00563.2005
  42. Nishitsuji K, Hosono T, Nakamura T, Bu G, Michikawa M. Apolipoprotein E regulates the integrity of tight junctions in an isoform-dependent manner in an in vitro blood-brain barrier model. The Journal of biological chemistry. 2011;286:17536-17542. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m111.225532
  43. Cao F, Jiang Y, Wu Y, Zhong J, Liu J, Qin X, Chen L, Vitek MP, Li F, Xu L, Sun X. Apolipoprotein E-Mimetic COG1410 Reduces Acute Vasogenic Edema following Traumatic Brain Injury. J. of Neurotrauma. 2016;33(2):175-182. https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2015.3887
  44. Zheng M, Wei J, Tang Y, Yang C, Wei Y,Yin H, Liu Q. ApoE-deficient promotes blood-brain barrier disruption in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via alteration of MMP-9. J. Mol. Neurosci. 2014;54(2):282-290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12031-014-0291-x
  45. Fullerton SM, Shirman GA, Strittmatter WJ, Matthew WD. Impairment of the blood-nerve and blood-brain barriers in apolipoprotein e knockout mice. Experimental neurology. 2001;169(1):13-22. https://doi.org/10.1006/exnr.2001.7631
  46. Zakirov RSh, Sorokina EG, Karaseva OV, Semenova ZhB, Petrichuk SV, Roshal LM, Pinelis VG. Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Mitochondrial Function in Children with Traumatic Brain Injury. Vestnik Rossiῐskoῐ akademii meditsinskikh nauk. 2015;70(6):710-718. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.15690/vramn568
Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.