Objective. A comparative analysis of the clinical efficacy of cholinergic drugs and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (IHE), as well as their combination, in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease and consequences of intracranial injury according to clinical, instrumental and laboratory dynamic observations. Material and methods. Ninety patients with cerebrovascular pathology, including 45 with chronic brain ischemia stage 2 (ICD-10 I67) and 45 with sequelae of intracranial injury (ICD-10 T90.5), were enrolled in the study. Complex treatment of patients included basic and specific therapy. The groups were divided into 3 subgroups of 15 people: the neuromidin group, the gliatilin group and the neuromidin + gliatilin group. The duration of treatment was 2 months. All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical, neurophysiological and laboratory examination prior to therapy, after 1 month and 2 month from the beginning of therapy: a study of cholinesterase activity in the blood, testing on MMSE and Hamilton scales, transcranial magnetic stimulation with determination of Central motor conduction time and somatosensory evoked potentials with calculation of Central afferent conduction time. Results. Prior to treatment, a significant positive strong correlation was found between the age of patients and the level of CE activity in serum (Rs=0.77; p=0.0001). The treatment resulted in a significant (p<0.05) improvement of all parameters (except for MMSE that showed a trend towards improvement) in the neuromidin and the neuromidin + gliatilin subgroups of each group compared to those in the gliatilin subgroups. In addition, after 2 months from the beginning of treatment, there was a significant decrease in the activity of CE in serum in the neuromidin and the neuromidin + gliatilin subgroups. Conclusion. The study of deviations of the «cholinergic profile» (the level of CE activity in the blood) in patients with cerebral pathology and the strategy using cholinergic drugs, IHE and their combination for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, is one of the important directions in the optimization of combined therapy of patients of this profile.