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Iskra D.A.

Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Kovalenko A.P.

Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

Koshkarev M.A.

Medical-military academy n.a. S.M. Kirov, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Dyskin D.E.

Military Medical Academy n.a. S.M. Kirov, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Spasticity: from pathophysiology to treatment

Authors:

Iskra D.A., Kovalenko A.P., Koshkarev M.A., Dyskin D.E.

More about the authors

Journal: S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2018;118(10): 108‑114

DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2018118101108

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SPASTICITY: FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO TREATMENT
SPASTICITY: FROM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY TO TREATMENT

To cite this article:

Iskra DA, Kovalenko AP, Koshkarev MA, Dyskin DE. Spasticity: from pathophysiology to treatment. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2018;118(10):108‑114. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2018118101108

Подписка 2026 Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова (S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry)
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Abstract:

The article presents modern views on the pathophysiology of spasticity, which is a frequent disabling consequence to the upper motor neuron (UMN) damage. Morphological and functional system of motion organization and the changes after the UMN damage is considered. The authors analyze existing definitions of spasticity. Stages of spasticity development are described in the context of neuroplasticity as well as in the framework of pathogenesis and sanogenesis. Existing ideas of its pathogenesis are compared with the typical clinical symptoms. The occurring pathological processes in muscles, tendons and joints that can aggravate the development of spasticity and complicate the diagnosis are considered. In addition, the main pathological spasticity patterns are described and the current development of diagnostic techniques is estimated. A review of main methods of spasticity treatment is presented. Special attention is paid to the botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT) preparations and central action muscle relaxants. The pathophysiological basement for complex treatment of spasticity as a part of the general rehabilitation process is given, so that the BoNT can be considered as the obligatory element of standard rehabilitation programs.

Keywords:

spasticity
pathophysiology
upper motor neuron damage syndrome
spasticity pattern
rehabilitation
botulinum

Authors:

Iskra D.A.

Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Kovalenko A.P.

Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

Koshkarev M.A.

Medical-military academy n.a. S.M. Kirov, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Dyskin D.E.

Military Medical Academy n.a. S.M. Kirov, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

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