Protection of human rights is a matter of priority for the international and Russian legislation. The State is responsible for respect of corresponding principles. Main documents on human rights were accepted by the United Nations and then by the European Council and WHO. They were generalized to psychiatric patients as well. In the Russian Federation, the main law concerning the rights of people with mental disorders is the law «On Psychiatric Care and Guarantees of Citizens. Rights during Its Provision» (1992). The authors pointed out that some fields of its implementation are not adequately explored in comparison to international situation on the protection of rights of patients with mental disorders.