The objective of the present work was to study peculiar features of the nosological structure of chronic ENT pathology in the applicants and students of a higher education institution and perform a thorough analysis of the prevalence of various forms of chronic pharyngeal diseases. The study was based at the Polyclinic of Moscow State Institute of International Relations, Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and lasted from 1998 to 2011. A total of 42 829 subjects aged between 15-30 years were examined including 32 186 applicants undergoing physical qualification by the medical evaluation board and 10 643 students subjected to routine annual medical examination. The latter group was characterized by the high prevalence of chronic ENT diseases predominated by pharyngeal pathology (39.6-59.8%). Chronic pharyngeal pathology was prevailed by chronic tonsillitis (32.7-50.6%) followed in the descending order by chronic pharyngitis (16.9-25.2%), papillomas affecting the soft palate, palatine arches and tonsils (0.8-1.5%), and adenoid vegetations (0.05-0.4%). It is concluded that regular medical check-up and treatment provide an effective tool for the prevention of CT progression and the development of its complications in the young subjects. 93.81% of the students were removed from dispensary observation due to improvement of health conditions or recovery. It is concluded that the surgical treatment of CT (bilateral tonsillectomy) should be more extensively applied in the absence of the desired effect of its conservative therapy.