The results of 30 year investigations conducted at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Bashkir State Medical University, provide new knowledge about immunopathogenesis of acute and chronic inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity (rhinitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis). Moreover, they create a basis for the development of new purpose-oriented methods of immunocorrection taking into consideration the severity and duration of the inflammatory process.