Optical aberrations of the eyes with various degrees of myopia

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MATERIAL AND METHODS

The study included 134 eyes of 67 patients with mild, moderate and high myopia aged 7—28 (mean age 19.3±1.5 years). The following biometric parameters were examined: anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), axial length (AL), as well as corneal and total aberrations. The parameters were studied on the Galilei G6 system (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems AG, Switzerland) and the OPD-Scan III aberrometer (Nidek, Japan). Spherical aberration (SA) was estimated as the sum of Z4+Z8+Z12.

RESULTS

As the refraction increased, the root mean square higher-order aberrations (RMS HOA) also increased significantly: from 0.24±0.02 μm in mild myopia to 0.45±0.03 μm in high myopia, and in eyes with AL of ≥27.0 mm — to 0.57±0.02 μm (p=0.01). An increase in vertical tilt, vertical coma and vertical trefoil were also observed. Total SA was positive and increased in eyes with moderate myopia compared to those with low myopia (from 0.02±0.01 μm to 0.06±0.02 μm, p=0.02), which coincided with changes in the internal optics of the eye: an increase in ACD and a decrease in LT. At the same time, no differences in corneal aberrations were observed among patients with low and moderate myopia. A significant decrease of SA occurred in high myopia (from 0.06 μm in low myopia to 0.015±0.02 μm in high myopia). The average value of SA was 0.005±0.01 μm in eyes with AL of ≥27.0 mm and appeared to be negative in 40% of cases. The average value of corneal SA was negative (–0.002±0.01μm) in eyes with AL of ≥27.0 mm. This group had predominantly patients with congenital myopia.

CONCLUSION

An increase of total positive SA in patients with moderate myopia compared to those with low myopia is associated with changes in the internal optics of the eye (ACD, LT). Significant increase of higher-order aberrations and decrease of SA with the transition to negative values was observed in patients with high axial myopia.

Keywords:

aberrations

spherical aberration

axial length

myopia

Authors:

Neroev V.V.

Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases;
A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry

Tarutta E.P.

Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases

Khandzhyan A.T.

Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases

Harutyunyan S.G.

Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Disease

Markosyan G.A.

Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases

Khodzhabekyan N.V.

Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases

Received:

12.05.2020

Accepted:

09.07.2020

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