The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-0604
+8 800 250-18-12
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Malykhin F.Т.

Stavropol State Medical University Ministry of Health of Russia, Stavropol, Russia

Baturin V.A.

Kafedra otorinolaringologii, kafedra klinicheskoĭ farmakologii, bakteriologii, allergologii i immunologii Stavropol'skoĭ gosudarstvennoĭ meditsinskoĭ akademii

Possible side effects of drugs in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbidity

Authors:

Malykhin F.Т., Baturin V.A.

More about the authors

Journal: Therapeutic Archive. 2016;88(3): 100‑107

DOI: 10.17116/terarkh2016883100-107

Views: 6456

Downloaded: 2382

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND COMORBIDITY
POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE AND COMORBIDITY

To cite this article:

Malykhin FТ, Baturin VA. Possible side effects of drugs in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and comorbidity. Therapeutic Archive. 2016;88(3):100‑107. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/terarkh2016883100-107

МСФ на ЯМ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of bronchial asthma and chro­nic obstructive pulmonary disease inci­dence in Russia before and during the COVID-19 epidemy. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2024;(6):42-48
Thoracoscopic thymectomy for myasthenia gravis and non-invasive thymoma after COVID-19 pneumonia. Piro­gov Russian Journal of Surgery. 2024;(8):26-33
Addi­tional criteria to differentiate the chro­nic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation and acute deco­mpensated chro­nic heart failure. Russian Journal of Preventive Medi­cine. 2024;(11):102-107

The papers gives data on the positive effects and adverse reactions of drugs used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its comorbidity, first of all cardiovascular disease. The authors present alternative points of views based on both the data available in the literature and their findings. They propose to modify pharmacotherapy for COPD in the presence of comorbidity in patients of old age groups.

Keywords:

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
comorbidities
drugs’ side effects
elderly patients

Authors:

Malykhin F.Т.

Stavropol State Medical University Ministry of Health of Russia, Stavropol, Russia

Baturin V.A.

Kafedra otorinolaringologii, kafedra klinicheskoĭ farmakologii, bakteriologii, allergologii i immunologii Stavropol'skoĭ gosudarstvennoĭ meditsinskoĭ akademii

List of references:

  1. Global'naya strategiya diagnostiki, lecheniya i profilaktiki khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh (peresmotr 2011 g.). Per. s angl. Pod red. Belevskogo A.S. M.: Rossiiskoe respiratornoe obshchestvo; 2012.
  2. Chuchalin A.G., Aisanov Z.R., Avdeev S.N. Belevskii A.S., Leshchenko I.V., Meshcheryakova N.N., Ovcharenko S.I., Shmelev E.I. Federal'nye klinicheskie rekomendatsii po diagnostike i lecheniyu khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh. Pul'monologiya. 2014;3:15-54.
  3. GOLD. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Update 2014.
  4. Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Kiley JP, Altose MD, Bailey WC, Buist AS, Conway WA Jr, Enright PL, Kanner RE, O’Hara P. Effects of smoking intervention and the use of an inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator on the rate of decline of FEV1 The Lung Health Study. JAMA. 1994;272:1497-1505.
  5. Kutsenko M.A., Chuchalin A.G. Paradigma komorbidnosti: sintropiya KhOBL i IBS. Russkii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2014;5:389-392.
  6. Caughey GE, Vitry AI, Gilbert AL, Roughead EE. Prevalence of comorbidity of chronic diseases in Australia. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:221-233.
  7. Thomsen M, Dahl M, Lange P, Vestbo J, Nordestgaard BG. Inflammatory Biomarkers and Comorbidities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(10):982-988.  doi:10.1164/rccm.201206-1113oc.
  8. Sidney S, Sorel M, Quesenberry CPJ, DeLuise C, Lanes S, Eisner MD. COPD and incident cardiovascular disease hospitalizations and mortality: Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program. Chest. 2005;128:2068-2075.
  9. Holguin F, Folch E, Redd SC, Mannino DM. Comorbidity and mortality in COPD-related hospitalizations in the United States, 1979 to 2001. Chest. 2005;128(4):2005-2011.
  10. Hawkins NM, Wang D, Petrie MC, Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, Yusuf S, Solomon SD, Ostergren J, Michelson EL, Pocock SJ, Maggioni AP, McMurray JJ; CHARM Investigators and Committees. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with heart failure receiving bronchodilators in the CHARM programme. Eur J Heart Fail. 2010;12:557-565.  doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfq040.
  11. Buhl R, Dunn LJ, Disdier C, Lassen C, Amos C, Henley M, Kramer B; INTENSITY study investigators. INTENSITY study investigators. Blinded 12-week comparison of once-daily indacaterol and tiotropium in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2011;38(4):797-803.  doi:10.1183/09031936.00191810.
  12. Lazebnik L.B., Mikhailova Z.F. Osobennosti farmakoterapii sochetannoi patologii u pozhilykh bol'nykh s khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn'yu legkikh. Consilium Medicum. Pul'monologiya 2005;7(12):996-1000.
  13. Huerta C, Lanes SF, García Rodríguez LA. Respiratory Medications and the Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias. Epidemiology. 2005;16(3):360-366.
  14. Kornmann O, Dahl R, Centanni S, Dogra A, Owen R, Lassen C, Kramer B; INLIGHT-2 (Indacaterol Efficacy Evaluation Using 150-µg Doses with COPD Patients) study investigators. Once-daily indacaterol versus twice-daily salmeterol for COPD: a placebo-controlled comparison. Eur Respiratory J. 2011;37:273-279.  doi:10.1183/09031936.00045810.
  15. Au DH, Curtis JR, Every NR, McDonell MB, Fihn SD. Association between inhaled beta-agonists and the risk of unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Chest. 2002;121(3):846-851. 
  16. Calverley PMA, Anderson JA, Celli B. Cardiovascular events in patients with COPD: TORCH Study results. Thorax. 2010;65:719-725.  doi:10.1136/thx.2010.136077.
  17. Nguyen LP, Omoluabi O, Parra S, Frieske JM, Clement C, Ammar-Aouchiche Z, Ho SB, Ehre C, Kesimer M, Knoll BJ, Tuvim MJ, Dickey BF, Bond RA. Chronic exposure to β-blockers attenuates inflammation and mucin content in a murine asthma model. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2008;38:256-262. 
  18. Malykhin F.T. Pokazateli β-adrenoretseptsii u pozhilykh bol'nykh s obostreniem khronicheskogo obstruktivnogo bronkhita. VestnikRUDN. 2012;1:43-45. 
  19. Michele TM, Pinheiro S, Iyasu S. The safety of tiotropium — the FDA’s conclusions. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1097-1099.
  20. Beier J, Kirsten AM, Mróz R, Segarra R, Chuecos F, Caracta C, Gil EG. Efficacy and safety of aclidinium bromide compared with placebo and tiotropium in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from a 6-week, randomized, controlled Phase IIIb study. COPD. 2013;10(4):511-522.  doi:10.3109/15412555.2013.814626.
  21. Tashkin DP. Long-acting anticholinergic use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: efficacy and safety. Cur Opin Pulmon Med. 2010;16:97-105. 
  22. Anthonisen NR, Connett JE, Enright PL, Manfreda J. Hospitalizations and mortality in the Lung Health Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166:333-339. 
  23. Casaburi R, Mahler DA, Jones PW, Wanner A, San PG, ZuWallack RL, Menjoge SS, Serby CW, Witek T Jr. A long-term evaluation of once-daily inhaled tiotropium I chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2002;19:217-224. 
  24. Chong J, Karner C, Poole P. Tiotropium versus long-acting beta-agonists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database SystRev. 2012;9:CD009157.
  25. Singh S, Loke YK, Furberg CD. Inhaled anticholinergics and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300:1439-1450.
  26. Celli B, Decramer M, Kesten S, Liu D, Mehra S, Tashkin DP; UPLIFT Study Investigators. Mortality in the 4-year trial of tiotropium (UPLIFT) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir CritCare Med. 2009;180:948-955.  doi:10.1164/rccm.200906-0876oc.
  27. Oba Y, Zaza T, Thameem DM. Safety, tolerability, and risk benefit analysis of tiotropium in COPD. Int J COPD. 2008;3:575-584.
  28. Singh S, Loke YK, Enright PL, Furberg CD. Mortality associated with tiotropium mist inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMJ. 2011;342:d3215.
  29. Lipworth BJ, Short PM. Explaining differential effects of tiotropium on mortality in COPD. Thorax. 2013;68(6):589-590.
  30. Wise RA, Anzueto A, Cotton D, Dahl R, Dahl R, Devins T, Disse B, Dusser D, Joseph E, Kattenbeck S, Koenen-Bergmann M, Pledger G, Calverley P; TIOSPIR Investigators. Tiotropium Respimat Inhaler and the Risk of Death in COPD. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:1491-1501. doi:10.1056/nejmoa1303342.
  31. Beeh KM, Singh D, Di Scala L, Drollmann A. Once-daily NVA237 improves exercise tolerance from the first dose in patients with COPD: the GLOW3 trial. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2012;7:503-513.
  32. Malykhin F.T. Slozhivshayasya praktika bronkholiticheskoi terapii pri khronicheskom obstruktivnom bronkhite. Klinicheskaya farmakologiyai terapiya. 2010;6:130-132.
  33. Ram FS. Use of theophylline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: examining the evidence. Curr Opin Pum Med. 2006;12:132-139. 
  34. White WB, Cook GE, Kowey PR, Calverley PM, Bredenbröker D, Goehring UM, Zhu H, Lakkis H, Mosberg H, Rowe P, Rabe KF. Cardiovascular Safety in Patients Receiving Roflumilast for the Treatment of COPD. Chest. 2013;144(3):758-765.  doi:10.1378/chest.12-2332.
  35. Rabe KF. Update on roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Br J Pharmacol. 2011;163:53-67. 
  36. Gaude GS. Pulmonary manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Ann Thorac Med. 2009;4(3):115-123.
  37. Klinicheskaya farmakokinetika: teoreticheskie, prikladnye i analiticheskie aspekty. Pod red. Kukesa V.G. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2009.
  38. McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, Auricchio A, Böhm M, Dickstein K, Falk V, Filippatos G, Fonseca C, Gomez-Sanchez MA, Jaarsma T, Køber L, Lip GY, Maggioni AP, Parkhomenko A, Pieske BM, Popescu BA, Rønnevik PK, Rutten FH, Schwitter J, Seferovic P, Stepinska J, Trindade PT, Voors AA, Zannad F, Zeiher A; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012. Eur Heart J. 2012;33:1787-1847. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs104.
  39. Malykhin F.T., Vizel' A.A., Vizel' I.Yu. Primenenie mukoaktivnykh lekarstvennykh sredstv v praktike terapevta. Arkhiv'' vnutrenneimeditsiny. 2013;5:10-15.
  40. Calverley PM, Stockley RA, Seemungal TA, Hagan G, Willits LR, Riley JH, Wedzicha JA; Investigating New Standards for Prophylaxis in Reduction of Exacerbations (INSPIRE) Investigators. Reported pneumonia in patients with COPD: findings from the INSPIRE study. Chest. 2011;139:505-512.  doi:10.1378/chest.09-2992.
  41. Ferguson GT, Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Jenkins CR, Jones PW, Willits LR, Yates JC, Vestbo J, Celli B. Prevalence and progression of osteoporosis in patients with COPD: results from the TOwards a Revolution in COPD Health study. Chest. 2009;136:1456-1465. doi:10.1378/chest.08-3016.
  42. Hawkins NM, Petrie MC, Macdonald MR, Jhund PS, Fabbri LM, Wikstrand J, McMurray JJ. Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The quandary of β-blockers and β-agonists. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:2127-2138. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.02.020.
  43. Kozlova L.I., Aisanov Z.R., Chuchalin A.G. V chem opasnost' dlitel'nogo primeneniya beta-blokatorov u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'yu serdtsa s soputstvuyushchei khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezn'yu legkikh. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2005;3:18-23. 
  44. Mainguy V, Girard D, Maltais F, Saey D, Milot J, Sénéchal M, Poirier P, Provencher S. Effect of bisoprolol on respiratory function and exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Cardiol. 2012;110(2):258-263.  doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.03.019.
  45. Rutten FH, Zuithoff NPA, Hak E, Grobbee DE, Hoes AW. β-Blockers may reduce mortality and risk of exacerbations of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170:880-887.  doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.112.
  46. Short PM, Lipworth SI, Elder DH, Schembri S, Lipworth BJ. Effect of β-blockers in treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Br Med J. 2011;342:d2549. doi:10.1136/bmj.d2549.
  47. Etminan M, Jafari S, Carleton B, FitzGerald JM. β-Blocker use and COPD mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC PulmMed. 2012;12:48.  doi:10.1186/1471-2466-12-48.
  48. Freemantle N, Urdahl H, Eastaugh J, Hobbs FD. What is the place of β-blockade in patients who have experienced a myocardial infarction with preserved left ventricular function? Evidence and (mis)interpretation. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2002;44:243-250. 
  49. Fox K, Garcia MAA, Ardissino D, Buszman P, Camici PG, Crea F, Daly C, De Backer G, Hjemdahl P, Lopez-Sendon J, Marco J, Morais J, Pepper J, Sechtem U, Simoons M, Thygesen K, Priori SG, Blanc JJ, Budaj A, Camm J, Dean V, Deckers J, Dickstein K, Lekakis J, McGregor K, Metra M, Morais J, Osterspey A, Tamargo J, Zamorano JL; Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG). Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: executive summary: The Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:1341-1381.
  50. Goldberger JJ, Bonow RO, Cuffe M, Dyer A, Rosenberg Y, O’Rourke R, Shah PK, Smith SC Jr; PACE-MI Investigators. β-Blocker use following myocardial infarction: low prevalence of evidence-based dosing. AmHeart J. 2010;160:435-442.  doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2010.06.023.
  51. Dransfield M, Rowe S, Johnson J, Bailey WC, Gerald LB. Use of β-blockers and the risk of death in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Thorax. 2008;63:301-305. 
  52. van Gestel YRBM, Hoeks SE, Sin DD, Welten GM, Schouten O, Witteveen HJ, Simsek C, Stam H, Mertens FW, Bax JJ, van Domburg RT, Poldermans D. Impact of cardioselective β-blockers on mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atherosclerosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;178:695-700.  doi:10.1164/rccm.200803-384oc.
  53. Chernyak B.A., Trofimenko I.N. Lekarstvenno-indutsirovannye porazheniya legkikh. Meditsina neotlozhnykh sostoyanii. 2010;4(29):16-21. 
  54. Mancini GB, Etminan M, Zhang B, Levesque LE, FitzGerald JM, Brophy JM. Reduction of morbidity and mortality by statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:2554-2560.
  55. Andreas S, Herrmann-Lingen C, Raupach Τ, Lüthje L, Fabricius JA, Hruska N, Körber W, Büchner B, Criée CP, Hasenfuss G, Calverley P. Angiotensin II blockers in obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J. 2006;27:972-979. 
  56. Kuznetsov O.O., Mikhailova Z.F. Khronicheskii kashel' u pozhilykh patsientov s normal'noi rentgenogrammoi legkikh. Consilium Medicum. 2007;12:18-24.
  57. Dart RA, Gollub S, Lazar J, Nair C, Schroeder D, Woolf SH. Treatment of Systemic Hypertension in Patients With Pulmonary Disease COPD and Asthma. Chest. 2003;123(1):222-243. 
  58. Dobler CC, Wong KK, Marks GB. Associations between statins and COPD: a systematic review. BMC Pulm Med. 2009;9:32. 
  59. Ridker PM, Danielson E, Fonseca FA, Genest J, Gotto AM Jr, Kastelein JJ, Koenig W, Libby P, Lorenzatti AJ, MacFadyen JG, Nordestgaard BG, Shepherd J, Willerson JT, Glynn RJ; JUPITER Study Group. Rosuvastatin to prevent vascular events in men and women with elevated C-reactive protein. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2195-2207. doi:10.1056/nejmoa0807646.
  60. Walsh GM. Defective apoptotic cell clearance in asthma and COPD: a new drug target for statins? Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2008;29:6-11. 
  61. Lee JH, Lee DS, Kim EK, Choe KH, Oh YM, Shim TS, Kim SE, Lee YS, Lee SD. Simvastatin inhibits cigarette smoking-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension in rat lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172:987-993. 
  62. Keddissi JI, Yuonis WG, Chbeir EA, Daher NN, Dernaika TA, Kinasewitz GT.The use of statins and lung function in current and former smokers. Chest. 2007;132:1764-1771.
  63. Alexeeff SE, Litonjua AA, Sparrow D, Vokonas PS, Schwartz J. Statin use reduces decline in lung function: VA Normative Ageing Study. Am JRespir Crit Care Med. 2007;176:742-747. 
  64. Janda S, Park K, FitzGerald JM, Etminan M, Swiston J. Statins in COPD. A systematic review. Chest. 2009;136:734-743.  doi:10.1378/chest.09-0194.
  65. Tavazzi L, Maggioni AP, Marchioli R, Barlera S, Franzosi MG, Latini R, Lucci D, Nicolosi GL, Porcu M, Tognoni G. Effect of rosuvastatin in patients with chronic heart failure (the GISSI-HF trial): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372:1231-1239. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61240-4.
  66. Karpov Yu.A., Sorokin E.V. Osobennosti lecheniya arterial'noi gipertonii pri khronicheskikh obstruktivnykh zabolevaniyakh legkikh. Russkii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2003;19:1048-1051.
  67. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, Redón J, Zanchetti A, Böhm M, Christiaens T, Cifkova R, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, Galderisi M, Grobbee DE, Jaarsma T, Kirchhof P, Kjeldsen SE, Laurent S, Manolis AJ, Nilsson PM, Ruilope LM, Schmieder RE, Sirnes PA, Sleight P, Viigimaa M, Waeber B, Zannad F; Task Force Members. 2013 ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2013;34(28):2159-2219. doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc.
  68. Kukes V.G., Ostroumova O.D., Starodubtsev A.K. Sovremennyi vzglyad na klinicheskie i farmakologicheskie osobennosti antagonistov kal'tsiya. Kachestvennaya klinicheskaya praktika. 2005;1:97-104.
  69. Zhang J, Zhao G, Yu X, Pan X. Intravenous diuretic and vasodilator therapy reduce plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respirology. 2012;17:715-720.  doi:10.1111/j.1440-1843.2012.02162.x.
  70. Agostoni P, Magini A, Andreini D, Contini M, Apostolo A, Bussotti M, Cattadori G, Palermo P. Spironolactone improves lung diffusion in chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:159-164. 
  71. Aronow W.S. Treatment of heart failure in older persons. Dilemmas with coexisting conditions: diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and arthritis. Congest Heart Fail. 2003;9:142-147. 
  72. Chuchalin A.G. Khronicheskaya obstruktivnaya bolezn' legkikh i soputstvuyushchie zabolevaniya Chast' I. KhOBL i porazheniya serdechno-sosudistoi sistemy. Russkii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2008;2(16):58-65. 
  73. Shrikrishna D, Patel M, Tanner RJ, Seymour JM, Connolly BA, Puthucheary ZA, Walsh SL, Bloch SA, Sidhu PS, Hart N, Kemp PR, Moxham J, Polkey MI, Hopkinson NS. Quadriceps wasting and physical inactivity in patients with COPD. Eur Respir J. 2012;40:1115-1122. doi:10.1183/09031936.00170111.
  74. Baturin V.A., Shchetinin E.V., Malykhin F.T. Sostav mikroorganizmov, vydelyaemykh iz mokroty u bol'nykh s infektsiyami nizhnikh dykhatel'nykh putei, i ikh chuvstvitel'nost' k antibakterial'nym sredstvam v zavisimosti ot vozrasta patsientov, diagnoza i predshestvuyushchego lecheniya. Profilakticheskaya i klinicheskaya meditsina. 2012;2(43):48-51.
  75. Sabit R, Bolton CE, Edwards PH, Pettit RJ, Evans WD, McEniery CM, Wilkinson IB, Cockcroft JR, Shale DJ.Arterial stiffness and osteoporosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175:1259-1265.
  76. Malykhin F.T., Baturin V.A., Khugaeva A.N. Analiz klinicheskoi praktiki farmakoterapii u patsientov s khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi patologiei s uchetom komorbidnykh zabolevanii. Uchenye zapiski Orlovskogo gos. universiteta. 2014;7(63): 70-71.

Close metadata

Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.