Aim: To assess the condition of newborns born to mothers with «operated» and «non-operated» congenital heart defects. Materials and methods. We assessed the condition of 117 newborns born in 117 mothers with congenital heart defects. The 1st group included 60 newborns born to mothers who underwent surgical treatment of congenital heart defects, and the 2nd group included 57 children born to mothers with uncorrected congenital heart defects. In this study we applied clinical, laboratory and instrumental research methods. Results. The results of the study demonstrated that congenital heart defect in the mother has an adverse effect on fetal development and is a risk factor for perinatal damage to the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system. The reason for the complicated course of the period of early adaptation in newborns is not only the primary disease of the mother, but also the concomitant extragenital conditions. The complicated course of the period of early adaptation in the form of manifestations of perinatal damage to the central nervous system, intrauterine infection and birth injury is 1.5—2 times more often observed in children of mothers with «unoperated» congenital heart defects. Congenital heart defects are 1.5 times more likely to be found in children whose mothers underwent surgical correction of congenital heart defects. The results of the study confirmed the high probability of inheritance of congenital heart defects. Conclusion. The use of modern methods — echocardiography, neurosonography with dopplerometry of cardiovascular and cerebral blood flow in combination with a comprehensive clinical assessment of the condition of the child in the early neonatal period makes it possible to clarify the nature of the condition of the central nervous system and the cardiovascular system of the newborn, to determine the most rational management algorithm.