The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-4329
+8 800 250-18-12
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2025
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Bazhenova L.G.

Kafedra akusherstva i ginekologii

Shramko S.V.

Gorodskaia klinicheskaia bol'nitsa #1, Novokuznetsk

Sabantsev M.A.

Novokuznetsk State Institute for Postgraduate Training of Physicians ,Ministry of Health of Russia, Novokuznetsk, Russia

Gulyaeva L.F.

Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia

Modern view on the pathogenesis of proliferative diseases of the uterus

Authors:

Bazhenova L.G., Shramko S.V., Sabantsev M.A., Gulyaeva L.F.

More about the authors

Journal: Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2018;18(6): 31‑40

DOI: 10.17116/rosakush20181806131

Read: 3902 times

Download PDF (RU)
Contact the author
Table of contents

MODERN VIEW ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF PROLIFERATIVE DISEASES OF THE UTERUS
MODERN VIEW ON THE PATHOGENESIS OF PROLIFERATIVE DISEASES OF THE UTERUS

To cite this article:

Bazhenova LG, Shramko SV, Sabantsev MA, Gulyaeva LF. Modern view on the pathogenesis of proliferative diseases of the uterus. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2018;18(6):31‑40. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/rosakush20181806131

Подписка 2026 Российский вестник акушера-гинеколога (Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist)
МСФ на ЯМ
Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Stru­ctural and biochemical features of menstrual discharge in patients with uterine fibroids. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2024;(6):85-90
Characteristics of factors contributing to diso­rders of reproductive function in patients with adenomyosis. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2025;(2):68-74
Use of gona­dotropic releasing hormone agonists in hype­rplastic syndrome in gyne­cology. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2025;(4):51-58
Neuroendocrine tumor of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Case report and lite­rature review. Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology. 2025;(1):41-47
β-Adrenoreceptors types 1 and 2 in the diagnosis of pain syndrome in patientswith various forms of adenomyosis. Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2025;(1):35-43
Treatment outcomes of stage IIA–IIB breast cancer patients of hormone-positive HER2-negative subtype after neoadjuvant poly­chemotherapy depe­nding on Ki-67 levels. P.A. Herzen Journal of Onco­logy. 2025;(2):13-18
Study of serum cyto­kine concentration in primary patients with gastric cancer. P.A. Herzen Journal of Onco­logy. 2025;(2):25-29
Three-dimensional mode­ling and intraoperative navi­gation in the diagnosis and treatment of various forms of adenomyosis. Russian Journal of Human Reproduction. 2025;(2):92-100
Cyto­kine status of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2025;(4-2):5-12
Serum cyto­kines in patients with brain tumor unde­rgoing unco­mplicated and complicated postoperative period. Russian Journal of Anesthesiology and Reanimatology. 2025;(4):21-30
Abstract:

The paper analyzes the data available in the scientific literature of recent years on the mechanisms for the development and progression of uterine leiomyoma and endometriosis. Uterine leiomyoma and adenomyosis are the most common gynecological diseases that require most hysterectomies. The authors consider the modern concepts of etiopathogenesis, which are based on the study of a set of hormone-dependent gene and environmental growth factors, including changes in progesterone and estrogen reception, as well as the role of cytokines, chemokines, proinflammatory processes, extracellular matrix components and that of signaling pathway network activity and genomic aberrations in the presence of local ischemia and insufficient apoptosis, which can lead to the appearance of leiomyoma rudiments and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of endometrial cells with the development of adenomyosis. The data analyzed show that endometriosis and fibroids have common molecular genetic mechanisms of pathogenesis and develop from mesenchymal stem cells.

Keywords:

uterine myoma
adenomyosis
interleukins
epidermal growth factor
Ki-67
Bcl-2
HMGA2
MED-12

Authors:

Bazhenova L.G.

Kafedra akusherstva i ginekologii

Shramko S.V.

Gorodskaia klinicheskaia bol'nitsa #1, Novokuznetsk

Sabantsev M.A.

Novokuznetsk State Institute for Postgraduate Training of Physicians ,Ministry of Health of Russia, Novokuznetsk, Russia

Gulyaeva L.F.

Laboratory for Molecular Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis, Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Federal Agency for Scientific Organizations of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia

Close metadata

References:

  1. Buyanova SN, Mgeliashvili MV, Petrakova SA. Modern ideas about the etiology, pathogenesis and morphogenesis of uterine fibroids. Rossiiskii vestnik akushera-ginekologa. 2008;6:45-51. (In Russ.)
  2. Zaichik ASh, Churilov LP. General pathophysiology with the basics of immunology. St. Petersburg: EHLBI. 2005;656. (In Russ.)
  3. Guriev TD, Sidorova IS, Unanyan AL. Combination of uterine fibroids and adenomyosis. Moscow: MIA, 2012;256. (In Russ.)
  4. Lukach AA. Inflammatory nfectious conception development hiperplastic process genitals. Uralskii meditsinskii zhurnal. 2010;5:70:156-159. (In Russ.)
  5. Tikhomirov AL, Lubnin DM. Myoma of the uterus. Moscow: MIA, 2006;176. (In Russ.)
  6. Adamyan LV, Kulakov VI, Andreeva EN. Endometriosis: The guide for doctors. Moscow: Meditsina, 2006:16. (In Russ.)
  7. Damirov MM. Modern tactics of management of patients with adenomyosis. Moscow: BINOM. 2015;111. (In Russ.)
  8. Orazov MR, Radzinskii VE, Nosenko OM. The role of inflammatory and immune reactivity in developing pain in adenomyosis. Patol Fiziol Eksp Ter. 2016;60:1:40-44. (In Russ.).
  9. Jiang C, Liu C, Guo J, Chen L, Luo N, Qu X, Yang W, Ren Q, Cheng Z. The expression of Toll-like receptors in eutopic and ectopic endometrium and its implication in the inflammatory pathogenesis of adenomyosis. Sci Rep. 2017;7:7365. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07859-5
  10. Plewka A, Madej P, Plewka D, Kowalczyk A, Miskiewicz A, Wittek Pr, Leks T, Bilski R. Immunohistochemical localization of selected pro-inflammatory factors in uterine myomas and myometrium in women of various ages. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2013;51: 1:73-83. https://doi.org/10.5603/FHC.2013.0011
  11. Strizhakov AN, Davydov AI, Pashkov VM, Lebedev VA. Diseases of the uterus are benign. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media Publ, 2014;304. (In Russ.)
  12. Shen Y, Wu Y, Lu Q, Zhang P, Ren M. Transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway cross-talking with ERα signaling pathway on regulating the growth of uterine leiomyoma activated by phenolic environmental estrogens in vitro. Tumour Biol. 2016;37:455-462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-3813-4
  13. Laganà AS, Vergara D, Favilli A, La Rosa VL, Tinelli A, Gerli S, Noventa M, Vitagliano A, Triolo O, Maria Chiara Rapisarda A, Vitale SG. Epigenetic and genetic landscape of uterine leiomyomas: a current view over a common gynecological disease. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017;296:855. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-017-4515-5
  14. Ishikawa H, Ishi K, Serna VA, Kakazu R, Bulun SE, Kurita T. Progesterone is essential for maintenance and growth of uterine leiomyoma. Endocrinology. 2010;151:6:2433-2442. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2009-1225
  15. New technologies in gynecology. Ed. Kulakov VI, Adamyan LV. Moscow: Pantori, 2003;135-137. (In Russ.)
  16. Mani S. Progestin receptor subtypes in the brain: The rnown and the unknown. Endocrinology. 2008;149:6:2750-2756. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2008-0097
  17. Ellmann S, Sticht H, Thiel F, Beckmann MW, Strick R, Strissel PL. Estrogen and progesterone receptors: from molecular structures to clinical targets. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2009;66:15:2405-2426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-009-0017-3
  18. Bulun SE, Monsavais D, Pavone ME, Dyson M, Xue Q, Attar E, Tokunaga H, Su EJ. Role of estrogen receptor-β in endometriosis. Semin Reprod Med. 2012;30:1:39-45. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1299596
  19. Bulun SE, Cheng YH, Pavone ME, Yin P, Imir G, Utsunomiya H, Thung S, Xue Q, Marsh EE, Tokunaga H, Ishikawa H, Kurita T, Su EJ. 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 deficiency and progesterone resistance in endometriosis. Semin Reprod Med. 2010;28: 1:44-50. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1242992
  20. Savitskii GA. Role of local elevation of estradiol in the pathogenesis of fibroids. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2009;58:4:79-92. (In Russ.)
  21. Uluer ET, Inan S, Ozbilgin K, Karaca F, Dicle N, Sancı M. The role of hypoxia related angiogenesis in uterine smooth muscle tumors. Biotech Histochem. 2015;90:2:102-110. https://doi.org/10.3109/10520295.2014.952339
  22. Yin P, Ono M, Moravek MB, Coon JS 5th, Navarro A, Monsivais D, Dyson MT, Druschitz SA, Malpani SS, Serna VA, Qiang W, Chakravarti D, Kim JJ, Bulun SE. Human uterine leiomyoma stem/progenitor cells expressing CD34 and CD49b initiate tumors in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100:4:E601-E606. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-2134
  23. Ono M, Qiang W, Serna VA, Yin P, Coon JS 5th, Navarro A, Monsivais D, Kakinuma T, Dyson M, Druschitz S, Unno K, Kurita T, Bulun SE. Role of stem cells in human uterine leiomyoma growth. PLoS One. 2012;7:5:e36935. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036935
  24. Baranov VS. Endometriosis and uterine fibroids from the position of systemic genetics. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2016;65:S:5-7. (In Russ.)
  25. Savitskii AG, Savitskii GA. About myometrium hyperplasia. Detskaya meditsina Severo-Zapada. 2010;1:1:15-21. (In Russ.)
  26. Carneiro MM. Stem cells and uterine leiomyomas: What is the evidence? JBRA Assist Reprod. 2016;20:1:33-37. https://doi.org/10.5935/1518-0557.20160008
  27. Commandeur AE, Styer AK, Teixeira JM. Epidemiological and genetic clues for molecular mechanisms involved in uterine leiomyoma development and growth. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21:5:593-615. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmv030
  28. Borahay MA, Asoglu MR, Mas A, Adam S, Kilic GS, Al-Hendy A. Estrogen receptors and signaling in fibroids: role in pathobiology and therapeutic implications. Reprod Sci. 2017;24:9:1235-1244. https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719116678686
  29. Grings AO, Lora V, Ferreira GD, Brum IS, Corleta Hv, Capp E. Protein expression of estrogen receptors α and β and aromatase in myometrium and uterine leiomyoma. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2012;73: 2:113-117. https://doi.org/10.1159/000330700
  30. Asztalos S, Pham TN, Gann PH, Hayes MK, Deaton R, Wiley EL, Emmadi R, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Banerji N, McDonald W, Khan SA, Tonetti DA. High incidence of triple negative breast cancers following pregnancy and an associated gene expression signature. SpringerPlus. 2015;4:710. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1512-7
  31. Shao R, Fang L, Xing R, Xiong Y, Fang L, Wang Z. Differential expression of estrogen receptor α and β isoforms in multiple and solitary leiomyomas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015;468:1-2:136-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.145
  32. Lau KM, To KF. Importance of estrogenic signaling and its mediated receptors in prostate cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17:9. pii: E1434. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17091434
  33. Pratt WB, Toft DO. Regulation of signaling protein function and trafficking by the hsp90/hsp70-based chaperone machinery. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2003;228:2:111-133.
  34. Islam MS, Greco S, Janjusevic M, Ciavattini A, Giannubilo SR, D’Adderio A, Biagini A, Fiorini R, Castellucci M, Ciarmela P. Growth factors and pathogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;34:25-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2015.08.018
  35. Tian R, Wang Z, Shi Z, Li D, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Lin W, Gui Y, Zheng XL. Differential expression of G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-30 in human myometrial and uterine leiomyoma smooth muscle. Fertil Steril. 2013;99:1:256-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.09.011
  36. Kalashnikov YuYa. The concept of information molecular biological control system. Moscow: VINITI RAS, 2005:88. (In Russ.)
  37. Moravek MB, Bulun SE. Endocrinology of uterine fibroids: steroid hormones, stem cells, and genetic contribution. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2015;27:4:276-283. https://doi.org/10.1097/GCO.0000000000000185
  38. Mehine M, Kaasinen E, Heinonen HR, Mäkinen N, Kämpjärvi K, Sarvilinna N, Aavikko M, Vähärautio A, Pasanen A, Bützow R, Heikinheimo O, Sjöberg J, Pitkänen E, Vahteristo P, Aaltonen LA. Integrated data analysis reveals uterine leiomyoma subtypes with distinct driver pathways and biomarkers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2016;113:5:1315-1320. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1518752113
  39. Bertsch E, Qiang W, Zhang Q, Espona-Fiedler M, Druschitz S, Liu Y, Mittal K, Kong B, Kurita T, Wei JJ. MED12 and HMGA2 mutations: two independent genetic events in uterine leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. Mod Pathol. 2014;27:8:1144-1153. https://doi.org/10.1038/modpathol.2013.243
  40. Markowski DN, Helmke BM, Belge G, Nimzyk R, Bartnitzke S, Deichert U, Bullerdiek J. HMGA2 and p14Arf: major roles in cellular senescence of fibroids and therapeutic implications. Anticancer Res. 2011;31:3:753-761.
  41. Veronica M, Ali A, Venkateshwari A, Mamata D, Nallari P. Association of estrogen and progesterone receptor gene polymorphisms and their respective hormones in uterine leiomyomas. Tumour Biol. 2016;37:6:8067-8074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13277-015-4711-5
  42. Buyanova SN, Yudina NV, Gukasyan SA, Mgeliashvili MV. Uterine myoma growth: Current aspect. Rossiiskii vestnik akushera-ginekologa. 2012;12:4:42-48. (In Russ.)
  43. Doherty L, Mutlu L, Sinclair D, Taylor H. Uterine fibroids: clinical manifestations and contemporary management. Reprod Sci. 2014;21:9:1067-1092. https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719114533728
  44. Zhang Q, Ubago J, Li L, Guo H, Liu Y, Qiang W, Kim JJ, Kong B, Wei JJ. Molecular analyses of 6 different types of uterine smooth muscle tumors: Emphasis in atypical leiomyoma. Cancer. 2014;120: 20:3165-3177. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.28900
  45. Proestling K, Birner P, Gamperl S, Nirtl N, Marton E, Yerlikaya G, Wenzl R, Streubel B, Husslein H. Enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upregulated MYC in ectopic lesions contribute independently to endometriosis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2015;13:75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-015-0063-7
  46. Rogachevskii AP. Phytotherapy impact on peristalsis of unpregnant uterus in women with adenomyosis. Reproduktivnaya endokrinologiya. 2013;1(9):64-67. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18370/2309-4117.2013.9.64-66
  47. Anichkov NM, Pechenikova VA, Kostyuchek DF. Clinico-morphological features of endometrioid disease: adenomyosis, ovarian endometriosis, extragenital endometriosis. Arkhiv patologii. 2011;4:5-10. (In Russ.)
  48. Adamyan LV, Spitsyn VA, Andreeva VN. Genetic aspects of gynecological diseases. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media Publ, 2008;192. (In Russ.)
  49. Barbosa AM, de Souza SR, Frare AB, Costa E Silva RC, da Costa IR, Freitas E Silva KS, Ribeiro Júnior CL, Bordin BM, Moura KK. Association of CYP1A1 (cytochrome P450) MspI polymorphism in women with endometriosis. Genet Mol Res. 2016;15:3. https://doi.org/10.4238/gmr.15038389
  50. Kobayashi H, Imanaka S, Nakamura H, Tsuji A. Understanding the role of epigenomic, genomic and genetic alterations in the development of endometriosis (review). Mol Med Rep. 2014;9:5:1483-1505. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2014.2057
  51. Ito F, Yamada Y, Shigemitsu A, Akinishi M, Kaniwa H, Miyake R, Yamanaka S, Kobayashi H. Role of oxidative stress in epigenetic modification in Endometriosis. Reprod Sci. 2017;24:11:1493-1502. https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719117704909
  52. Thiery JP. Epithelial-mesenchymal transitions in tumour progression. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2:6:442-454. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc822
  53. Ono YJ, Hayashi M, Tanabe A, Hayashi A, Kanemura M, Terai Y, Ohmichi M. Estradiol-mediated hepatocyte growth factor is involved in the implantation of endometriotic cells via the mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the peritoneum. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2015;308:11:E950-E959. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00573.2014
  54. Pechenikova VA, Akopyan RA, Kvetnoi IM. Pathogenetic mechanisms of internal genital endometriosis - adenomyosis development and progression. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2015;64:6:51-57. (In Russ.)
  55. Parrott E, Butterworth M, Green A, White IN, Greaves P. Adenomyosis-a result of disordered stromal differentiation. Am J Pathol. 2001;159:2:623-630. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)61733-6
  56. Moroni RM, Vieira CS, Ferriani RA, Reis RM, Nogueira AA, Brito LG. Presentation and treatment of uterine leiomyoma in adolescence: a systematic review. BMC Womens Health. 2015;15:4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-015-0162-9
  57. Baranov VS, Ivaschenko TE, Yarmolinskaya MI. Comparative systems genetics view of endometriosis and uterine leiomyoma: Two sides of the same coin? Systems Biology in Reproductive Medicine. 2016;62:2:93-105. https://doi.org/10.3109/19396368.2015.1123325
  58. Davydov DA. Leiomyoma and adenomyosis does the unified stem cell exist. Meditsinskii zhurnal. 2013;45:3:132-134. (In Russ.)
  59. Lazarev AF, Avdalyan AM, Klimachev VV. Pathomorphological and immunohistochemical analysis of leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma of the uterus: differential diagnosis and prognosis. Barnaul: IPP Altai, 2015;318. (In Russ.)
  60. Safarova SM. Morphological characteristics of uterine fibroids among women of reproductive age. Zhurnal akusherstva i zhenskikh boleznei. 2017;66: 1:27-31. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17816/JOWD66127-31
  61. He X, Chen Z, Fu T, Jin X, Yu T, Liang Y, Zhao X, Huang L. Ki-67 is a valuable prognostic predictor of lymphoma but its utility varies in lymphoma subtypes: evidence from a systematic metaanalysis. BMC Cancer. 2014;14:153. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2407-14-153
  62. Liao XH, Li JY, Dong XM, Wang X, Xiang Y, Li H, Yu CX, Li JP, Yuan BY, Zhou J, Zhang TC. ERα inhibited myocardin-induced differentiation in uterine fibroids. Exp Cell Res. 2017;350:1:73-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.007
  63. Vachhani P, Bose P, Rahmani M, Grant S. Rational combination of dual PI3K/mTOR blockade and Bcl-2/-xL inhibition in AML. Physiol Genomics. 2014;46:13:448-456. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00173.2013
  64. Reed JC. Bcl-2-family proteins and hematologic malignancies: history and future prospects. Blood. 2008;111:7:3322-3330. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-09-078162
  65. Labi V, Grespi F, Baumgartner F, Villunger A. Targeting the Bcl-2-regulated apoptosis pathway by BH3 mimetics: a breakthrough in anticancer therapy? Cell Death Differ. 2008;15:6:977-987. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2008.37
  66. Davids MS, Letai A. Targeting the B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 family in cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30:25:3127-3135. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.37.0981
  67. Demakova NA, Altukhova AB, Pakhomov SP, Orlova VS. Molecular-genetic mechanisms of development of endometrial hyperplastic processes. Seriya meditsina. Farmatsiya. 2014;4:175:177-182. (In Russ.)
  68. Chernukha GE, Dumanovskaya MR, Burmenskaya OV, Shubina ES, Kogan EA, Trofimov DYu. Expression of apoptosis-regulatory genes in different endometrial hyperplasia types and endometrioid carcinoma. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya. 2013;1:63-69. (In Russ.)
  69. Li DM, Sun H. PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 suppresses the tumorigenicity and induces G1 cell cycle arrest in human glioblastoma cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:26:15406-15411.
  70. Hopkins BD, Hodakoski C, Barrows D, Mense SM, Parsons RE. PTEN function: the long and the short of it. Trends Biochem Sci. 2014;39:4:183-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2014.02.006
  71. Cully M, You H, Levine AJ, Mak TW. Beyond PTEN mutations: the PI3K pathway as an integrator of multiple inputs during tumorigenesis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006;6:3:184-192.
  72. Li J, Yen C, Liaw D, Podsypanina K, Bose S, Wang SI, Puc J, Miliaresis C, Rodgers L, McCombie R, Bigner SH, Giovanella BC, Ittmann M, Tycko B, Hibshoosh H, Wigler MH, Parsons R. PTEN, a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase gene mutated in human brain, breast, and prostate cancer. Science. 1997;275:5308:1943-1947.
  73. Di Cristofano A, Pandolfi PP. The multiple roles of PTEN in tumor suppression. Cell. 2000;100:4:387-390.
  74. Xu WT, Yang Z, Lu NH. Roles of PTEN (Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog) in gastric cancer development and progression. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2014;15:1:17-24.
  75. Bermúdez Brito M, Goulielmaki E, Papakonstanti EA. Focus on PTEN Regulation. Front Oncol. 2015;5:166. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2015.00166
  76. Okumura K, Mendoza M, Bachoo RM, DePinho RA, Cavenee WK, Furnari FB. PCAF modulates PTEN activity. J Biol Chem. 2006;281:36:26562-26568. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M605391200
  77. Trotman LC, Wang X, Alimonti A, Chen Z, Teruya-Feldstein J, Yang H, Pavletich NP, Carver BS, Cordon-Cardo C, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Chi SG, Kim HJ, Misteli T, Jiang X, Pandolfi PP. Ubiquitination regulates PTEN nuclear import and tumor suppression. Cell. 2007;128:1:141-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.11.040
  78. Vasudevan KM, Gurumurthy S, Rangnekar VM. Suppression of PTEN expression by NF-kappa B prevents apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 2004;24:3:1007-1021.
  79. Torres J, Pulido R. The tumor suppressor PTEN is phosphorylated by the protein kinase CK2 at its C terminus. Implications for PTEN stability to proteasome-mediated degradation. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:2:993-998.
  80. Grünwald V, DeGraffenried L, Russel D, Friedrichs WE, Ray RB, Hidalgo M. Inhibitors of mTOR reverse doxorubicin resistance conferred by PTEN status in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2002;62:21:6141-6145.
  81. Steinbakk A, Gudlaugsson E, Aasprong OG, Skaland I, Malpica A, Feng W, Janssen EA, Baak JP. Molecular biomarkers in endometrial hyperplasias predict cancer progression. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011;204:4:357.e1-e12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.12.007
  82. Allison KH, Upson K, Reed SD, Jordan CD, Newton KM, Doherty J, Swisher EM, Garcia RL. PAX2 loss by immunohistochemistry occurs early and often in endometrial hyperplasia. Int J Gynecol Pathol. 2012;31:2:151-159. https://doi.org/10.1097/PGP.0b013e318226b376
  83. Lehman JA, Waning DL, Batuello CN, Cipriano R, Kadakia MP, Mayo LD. Induction of apoptotic genes by a p73-phosphatase and tensin homolog (p73-PTEN) protein complex in response to genotoxic stress. J Biol Chem. 2011;286:42:36631-36640. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.217620
  84. Thomas SL, Alam R, Lemke N, Schultz LR, Gutiérrez JA, Rempel SA. PTEN augments SPARC suppression of proliferation and inhibits SPARC-induced migration by suppressing SHC-RAF-ERK and AKT signaling. Neuro-Oncology. 2010;12:9:941-955. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noq048
  85. Thanapprapasr D, Previs RA, Hu W, Ivan C, Armaiz-Pena GN, Dorniak PL, Hansen JM, Rupaimoole R, Huang J, Dalton HJ, Ali-Fehmi R, Coleman RL, Sood AK. PTEN expression as a predictor of response to focal adhesion kinase inhibition in uterine cancer. Mol Cancer Ther. 2015;14:6:1466-1475. https://doi.org/10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-1077
  86. Gao HY, Han CX. The role of PTEN up-regulation in suppressing glomerular mesangial cells proliferation and nephritis pathogenesis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2017;21:16:3634-3641.
  87. Li DY, Qu Y, Li JH, Zhang L, Xiong T, Mu DZ. Changes of phosphatase PTEN in neuronal apoptosis in neonate rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2014;45:5:767-771.
  88. Makker A, Goel MM, Mahdi AA, Bhatia V, Das V, Agarwal A, Pandey A. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling & its regulator tumour suppressor genes PTEN & LKB1 in human uterine leiomyomas. Indian J Med Res. 2016;143:(Supplement):S112-S119. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.191808
  89. Orazov MR, Sulaeva ON, Nosenko EN. Some pathological changes in the myometrium of women with adenomyosis accompanied by chronic pelvic pains. Moskovskii khirurgicheskii zhurnal. 2015; 43:3:20-23. (In Russ.)
  90. Plewka A, Plewka D, Madej P, Nowaczyk G, Sieron-Stoltny K, Jakubiec-Bartnik B. Processes of apoptosis and cell proliferation in uterine myomas originating from reproductive and perimenopausal women. Folia Histochem Cytobiol. 2011;49:3:398-404.
  91. Fleischer R, Weston GC, Vollenhoven BJ, Rogers PA. Pathophysiology of fibroid disease: angiogenesis and regulation of smooth muscle proliferation. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;22: 4:603-614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2008.01.005
  92. Mayerhofer K, Lozanov P, Bodner K, Bodner-Adler B, Kimberger O, Czerwenka K. Ki-67 expression in patients with uterine leiomyomas, uterine smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) and uterine leiomyosarcomas (LMS). Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2004;83:11:1085-1088. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0001-6349.2004.00502.x
Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.