Benign breast diseases in the focus of proliferative pathology of the reproductive system

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The mammary gland is a paired organ of the reproductive system, belonging to the type of apocrine glands of the skin. The main function of the mammary gland is the synthesis and secretion of milk. The structure and function of the mammary glands change significantly at different stages of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and lactation. In the structure of mammary gland diseases there are benign, accounting for 95—97% and representing a heterogeneous group of pathologies and malignant neoplasms, which account for 3—5%. Benign mammary dysplasia (BMD) is a group of diseases characterised by a wide range of proliferative and regressive changes in the gland tissue with disordered ratios of epithelial and connective tissue components. Patients diagnosed with AMD often have gynaecological diseases (menstrual disorders, uterine leiomyoma, endometrial hyperplasia, endometriosis, STD). Such women should form a special group of dispensary observation by a gynaecologist, and their examination and treatment should be aimed at reducing proliferative processes, prevention of progression and recurrence of diseases of the breast and female genital organs. Any patient who comes to a gynaecologist with breast pathology should be fully examined in order to exclude gynaecological diseases. The main principles of prevention of benign breast dysplasia in the practice of obstetrician-gynaecologist should be the earliest possible detection, etiopathogenetic treatment, prevention of abortion, proper management of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum period and, of course, rational individualised contraception.

Keywords:

benign breast hyperplasia

uterine myoma

endometriosis

endometrial hyperplasia

Authors:

Adamyan L.V.

Russian University of Medicine;
National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov

SPIN RSCI: 9836-2713
Scopus AuthorID: 7006372422
ResearcherID: Q-1722-2018
ORCID: 0000-0002-3253-4512

Protasova A.E.

National Medical Research Centre named after V.A. Almazov;
Saint-Petersburg State University

ORCID: 0000-0001-7930-8048

Stepanian A.A.

Academia of Women’s Health and Endoscopic Surgery

Alyasova A.V.

FSBEI HE «RosUniMed» of MOH of Russia

ORCID: 0000-0003-2621-0359

Received:

24.04.2024

Accepted:

10.05.2024

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