The neuro-immunological interactions in pathogenesis of facial pain associated with the diseases of paranasal sinuses

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Pathogenesis of facial pain in the patients presenting with the diseases of paranasal sinuses is underlain by the nociceptive and neurogenic mechanisms. The role of the immune reactions in the formation of pain is currently a subject of extensive studies. The available data on the interaction between the nervous and immune systems provide a basis for the revision and refinement of the mechanisms of pain experienced by the patients suffering from the diseases of paranasal sinuses. The categorization of facial pain symptoms into somatic and neurogenic ones is justified from the point of view of etiology. These pathogenic mechanisms are inseparable in the clinical manifestations of the diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Regardless of the type of pain, it is associated with inflammation. The activation of pain receptors, transmission and modulation of pain signals are effected by mediators of inflammation. The present review highlights the participation of neurotransmitters and immune cells in the formation of pain. The analysis of the relevant literature has demonstrated that the neuro-immunological mechanisms play an important role in pathogenesis of facial pain even though they remain to be poorly understood. Further studies of the pathogenetic mechanisms behind facial pain in the diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses are needed for the development of the efficacious diagnostic and treatment methods. Equally important is the elaboration of the clinical models for the elucidation of the role of immune reactivity in the formation of inflammation and facial pain.

Keywords:

rhinosinusitis

facial pain

immunodeficiency

substance P

Authors:

Stagnieva I.V.

Kafedra bolezneĭ ukha, gorla i nosa Rostovskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta Minzdravsotsrazvitiia Rossii, Rostov-na-Donu

Volkov A.G.

Kafedra bolezneĭ ukha, gorla i nosa Rostovskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta Minzdravsotsrazvitiia Rossii, Rostov-na-Donu

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