One of the most important tasks of primary health care is screening for malignancies. The authors analyzed the international experience of screening measures to detect the most common malignancies and reviewed the results of screenings conducted following the current Procedure in several Russian regions in recent years. Patient routing schemes according to regulations of healthcare executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are considered. Based on the analysis results, a patient routing for oncological screening is proposed based on harmonizing the Procedures for preventive examination and medical check-ups for certain adult population groups and providing oncological medical care. Proposals were provided to update the list of screening measures and the conditions for referring patients to stage 2 of clinical examination based on international experience.