OBJECTIVE
To study the distribution of average values of absolute risk (AR) of osteoporotic fractures and the prevalence of high AR of fractures in 4 regions of the Russian Federation, depending on socio-demographic characteristics — age, gender, and place of residence (urban or rural).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Representative samples of Russian urban and rural populations from 4 regions were analyzed: the Republic of Karelia, Krasnodar region, Ryazan region. When forming the overall sample, the response was ~80%. In total 4248 Russian residents aged 40—69 years participated in the study (2427 women, 1821 men) surveyed in the framework of observational study ESSE-RF-2. All the participants were interviewed using a single standard modular questionnaire. 10-year AR of fractures was calculated on the basis of the Russian model FRAX without bone mineral density using the batch data processing. Patients with high AR of fractures were determined based on the therapeutic intervention threshold proposed by the Russian Osteoporosis Association in 2012.
RESULTS
The average AR of major fractures (MF) was 7.4% (8.5% in women vs 6.0% in men, p<0.001), hip fractures (HF) — 0.6% (0.7% in women vs 0.4% in men, p<0.001). AR of MF and HF increased with age regardless of participants’ gender and was significantly higher in women in all age groups in comparison with men. The frequency of high AR of MF in the sample was 6.4% and was higher in women than in men (9.6% vs 2.1%, p<0.001). The lowest average values of AR of MF (6.91%) and HF (0.48%), as well as the smallest proportion of people with high AR of fractures (3.7%) were found in the Omsk region in comparison with other surveyed regions (p<0.01).Women living in urban areas had higher average AR values for both MF and HF than those in rural areas (for MF: 8.6% vs 8.0%, p<0.01; for HF: 0.7% vs 0.6%, p<0.001). High AR of fractures in women was more often detected in the urban areas than in rural ones (10.5% vs 7.5%, p<0.05). In men, there were no differences in the distribution of average values of AR of fractures and in the frequency of high risk of fractures, depending on the type of settlement.
CONCLUSIONS
The results confirm the patterns identified in early studies, which may indicate the presence in the population of stable associations of risk of osteoporotic fractures with socio-demographic characteristics. The features of the risk fractures distribution between urban and rural residents of the Russian Federation are determined. Urban women have a higher risk of fractures than a rural women. In men, there was no difference in the risk of fractures in urban and rural areas.
