Introduction. In Russia, official statistics do not reflect the actual incidence of infections associated with the provision of medical care (IAMC), which does not allow to take adequate management decisions in the field of prevention of IAMC and to evaluate their effectiveness. Aim of study — to identify and to systematize the causes of incomplete registration of cases of IAMC by medical stuff. Material and methods. A questionning of representative sample of doctors, senior nurses and epidemiologists of hospitals of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Ugra state ownership using printed questionnaires was conducted. The required sample size was determined basing on the size of the population according to the method of V.I. Paniotto (2003). Two-sided criteria were used for statistical analysis, null hypotheses were rejected when the achieved level of statistical significance was p<0.05. Results. The study involved 936 respondents from 38 hospitals, 899 questionnaires were valid. Respondents indicated the activities of supervisory authorities (63%) and medical insurance companies (39%) as the leading reasons for underestimation. In the course of the compliance analysis, it was established that employees of large hospitals tend to explain the underestimation because of the high supervisory burden, while the role of insurance companies was more often indicated by doctors in the surgical, resuscitation and obstetric departments. With all this, the questionnaire participants indicated the presence of professional stereotypes associated with the problem of IAMC (11%). Respondents considered the training of health specialists (63%), overcoming stereotypes in this area (45%) and limiting the supervisory activity of insurance companies (43%) as the most effective measures to overcome the problem of underestimating cases of IAMC. Conclusions. Reasonable limitation of supervisory burden and expansion of practice of conducting thematic training for physicians can favorably affect the current situation with underestimation of cases of IAMC.