The paper considers the specific features of demographic indicators, including those on circulatory system diseases, in the North Caucasus. It provides a comparative analysis of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), emergency medical care, cardiac surgical intervention, and problems of rehabilitation in five republics of the region. The major restrictions in improving a cardiological service are the lack of a comprehensive approach to reducing CVD mortality rates at the interdepartment level, as well as administrative and material limitations, including provision of drugs to patients. To reduce long-term future CVD and complications, it is necessary to develop primary prevention among the population and emergency intervention care, to optimize secondary prevention, and to restore a rehabilitation system for patients with coronary heart disease.