Objective - to identify risk factors associated with successful smoking cessation. Subject and methods. There were two groups of 20-to-70-year olds: 1) smokers who could not quit smoking for more than 3 days (n=720) and 2) respondents who could successfully stop smoking and non-smokers for 6 months or more (n=1552). A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the sociomedical status, the degree of nicotine dependence (Fagerström test), smoking motivation (Horn questionnaire), motivation to quit smoking, the levels of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale - HADS), and character accentuations (Adaptability multilevel personality questionnaire). Results. In the persons quitting smoking, its successful tobacco smoking cessation for 6 months or more was directly correlated with higher education and marital relations (in the absence of a smoking husband). The risk of a smoking recurrence was shown to be associated with the presence of character accentuations (it increased by 3.66 times by the social introversion scale, by 3.7 times by the hysteria scale, by 2.77 times by the hypochondria scale, by 1.55 times by the depression scale, and by 1.33 times by the psychasthenia scale). The presence of obvious anxiety and depression was related to more frequent smoking recurrences for one month after tobacco smoking cessation in the majority of smokers. The investigators identified the most informative signs that could predict a recurrence of smoking within the first days after its quitting: age at smoking onset, number of cigarettes smoked per day, level of nicotine dependence, scores for smoking factors, such as tobacco dependence and smoking behavior, as well as high scores in the hypochondria, depression, and hysteria scales. Conclusion. When helping someone quit smoking, it is necessary to keep in mind the psychological characteristics of a smoker, predominantly his/her character accentuations, such as hypochondria, hysteria, and depression.