Inflammation of adipose tissue (Part 5). The relationship with physiological insulin resistance

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This review contains the results of investigations representing insulin resistance as a physiological factor that ensures supply of macroergic substrates for the functioning organs and tissues. Physical activity promotes the development of insulin resistance in adipose and renal cells with the resulting enhancement of the secretion of glucose and lipids into blood. Simultaneously, the insulin action in muscular cells increases which facilitates utilization of these compounds. The opposite change in insulin sensitivity of different cells is mediated through a rise in interleukin-6 secretion during muscular activity. The immune processes are associated with the development of insulin resistance in adipocytes, hepatocytes, and myocytes leading to the elevation of blood glucose and lipid levels that accounts for the enhanced requirement of immune cells in these compounds. The mechanism underlying the development of insulin resistance during immune processes consists of activation of Toll-like receptors. Increased secretion of placental hormones in the course of gestation causes disturbances in the insulin action in the peripheral tissues and thereby ensures supply of energy-rich and plastic substrates for the growing fetus. Inflammation of adipose tissue is associated with physiological and pathological insulin resistance. This condition is discussed as a factor contributing to the transformation of physiological insulin resistance to pathological one.

Keywords:

adipose tissue

inflammation

adiposity

insulin resistance

physical activity

immune processes gestation

Authors:

Shvarts V.Ia.

Reabilitatsionnaia klinika Bad Kolberg, Germaniia

Bad Kolberg.

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