The site of the Media Sphera Publishers contains materials intended solely for healthcare professionals.
By closing this message, you confirm that you are a certified medical professional or a student of a medical educational institution.

Login
EN
+7 (495) 482-4118
+7 (495) 482-4329
+8 800 250-18-12
  • (toll-free number for subscriptions)
    Mon-Fri from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.

  • © 1998-2026
+7 (495) 482-43-29
EN
All journals
Journal
Year
Year
Search result: 0

Avdoshenko K.E.

Institute of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology

Strelkova N.K.

Institute of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology

Postnikova E.V.

Institute of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology

Cephalometry and colummetry in surgical rejuvenation of the lower two-thirds of the face and neck

Authors:

Avdoshenko K.E., Strelkova N.K., Postnikova E.V.

More about the authors

Journal: Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine. 2025;(2‑2): 69‑74

DOI: 10.17116/plast.hirurgia202502269

Read: 1145 times

Download PDF (RU)
Download PDF
Contact the author
Table of contents

CEPHALOMETRY AND COLUMMETRY IN SURGICAL REJUVENATION OF THE LOWER TWO-THIRDS OF THE FACE AND NECK
CEPHALOMETRY AND COLUMMETRY IN SURGICAL REJUVENATION OF THE LOWER TWO-THIRDS OF THE FACE AND NECK

To cite this article:

Avdoshenko KE, Strelkova NK, Postnikova EV. Cephalometry and colummetry in surgical rejuvenation of the lower two-thirds of the face and neck. Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine. 2025;(2‑2):69‑74. (In Russ., In Engl.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/plast.hirurgia202502269

Подписка 2026 Пластическая хирургия и эстетическая медицина (Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medicine)
МСФ на ЯМ
Использование инфографики авторами научных работ
Close metadata
Recommended articles:
Face proportionality angle in surgical reju­venation of the lower two-thirds of the face. Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medi­cine. 2025;(2):11-17
Ethnic rhinoplasty: a review of modern approaches and ethnocultural aspe­cts. Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medi­cine. 2025;(2-2):82-90
Inte­rdisciplinary consensus: the tandem of surgeon and cosmetologist. Inte­rdisciplinary approach to the mana­gement and reha­bilitation of aesthetic patients. Plastic Surgery and Aesthetic Medi­cine. 2025;(3-2):56-63
Fatal non-thrombotic pulmonary embo­lism in penis enla­rgement with inje­ctions of hyaluronic acid-based drugs. Fore­nsic Medi­cal Expe­rtise. 2025;(1):59-62
Analysis of classifications of the facial «danger zones». Russian Journal of Operative Surgery and Clinical Anatomy. 2025;(2):57-62
Abstract:

To date, there is no universal standard for preoperative and postoperative evaluation of outcomes after surgical rejuvenation of the face and neck. This circumstance largely explains high patient dissatisfaction with surgical rejuvenation of the lower two-thirds of the face and neck. The causes of unsatisfactory outcomes are often few available methods and insufficient preoperative analysis of individual anatomical features. Cephalometric analysis is essential in preoperative diagnostics and planning of interventions on the lower two-thirds of the face and neck. Cephalometric analysis allows evaluating the proportions and symmetry of the face, identifying the imbalances of soft tissues and bones. Colummetry focuses on morphology of the neck and submental area that is critically important when planning correction of the lower third of the face and neck. Standardized assessment protocols based on objective anthropometric indicators contribute to better prognosis and patient satisfaction with results of rejuvenation surgeries.

Keywords:

anthropometry
cephalometry
facial proportions
aesthetics
harmony
facial proportionality angle
facial rejuvenation algorithm
surgical rejuvenation of the face and neck
cosmetology

Authors:

Avdoshenko K.E.

Institute of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology

Strelkova N.K.

Institute of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology

Postnikova E.V.

Institute of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology

Received:

26.04.2025

Accepted:

15.05.2025

Close metadata

References:

  1. The Aesthetic Society. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery National Databank Statistics 2020. 2021. Accessed April 29, 2025. https://cdn.surgery.org/media/statistics/aestheticplasticsurgerynationaldatabank-2020stats.pdf
  2. Palermo EC, Anzai A, Jacomo AL. Three-dimensional approach of cosmetic patient: aging gracefully. In: Issa M, Tamura B, eds. Botulinum Toxins, Fillers and Related Substances. Clinical Approaches and Procedures in Cosmetic Dermatology. Springer International Publishing; 2018:1-22. 
  3. Cotofana S, Fratila AAMM, Schenck TL, Redka-Swoboda W, Zilinsky I, Pavicic T. The anatomy of the aging face: a review. Facial Plastic Surgery. 2016;32(03):253-260.  https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1582234
  4. Swift A, Liew S, Weinkle S, Garcia JK, Silberberg MB. The facial aging process from the “inside out”. Aesthetic Surgery Journal. 2021;41(10):1107-1119. https://doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjaa339
  5. Tsikandilakis M, Bali P, Chapman P. Beauty is in the eye of the beholder: the appraisal of facial attractiveness and its relation to conscious awareness. Perception. 2019;48(01):72-92.  https://doi.org/10.1177/0301006618813035
  6. Little AC, Jones BC, DeBruine LM. Facial attractiveness: evolutionary based research. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 2011;366(1571):1638-1659. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0404
  7. Little AC, Apicella CL, Marlowe FW. Preferences for symmetry in human faces in two cultures: data from the UK and the Hadza, an isolated group of hunter-gatherers. Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 2007;274(1629):3113-3117. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0895
  8. Casabona G, Frank K, Moellhoff N, Gavril DL, Swift A, Freytag DL, Kaiser A, Green JB, Nikolis A, Cotofana S. Full-face effects of temporal volumizing and temporal lifting techniques. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2020;19(11):2830-2837. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.13728
  9. Hernandez CA, Schneider C, Gold D MH, Muniz M, Green JB, Alfertshofer M, Frank K, Cotofana S. After the temporal lifting technique-what comes next? Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2021;20(12):3857-3862. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.14247
  10. Iskra A, Gabrijelčič H. Eye-tracking analysis of face observing and face recognition. Journal of Graphic Engineering and Design. 2016;7:5-11. 
  11. Przylipiak M, Przylipiak J, Terlikowski R, Lubowicka E, Chrostek L, Przylipiak A. Impact of face proportions on face attractiveness. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 2018;17(6):954-959.  https://doi.org/10.1111/jocd.12783
  12. Hermens F, Golubickis M, Macrae CN. Eye movements while judging faces for trustworthiness and dominance. PeerJ. 2018;6:e5702. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5702
  13. Vorobyev AA, Chigrova NA, Pylaeva IO, Barinova EA. Esteticheskaya anatomiya shei. SPb: ELBI-SPb; 2018:111-128. (In Russ.).
  14. Lasker G. The place of anthropometry in human biology. In: Ulijaszek S, Mascie-Taylor C, eds. Anthropometry: The Individual and the Population. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1994.
  15. Muralidhar NV, Ranjan A, Jayashankar Rao JS, Sreeshyla HS, Nitin P. Cephalic index, facial index and dental parameters: a correlative study to evaluate their significance in facial reconstruction. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology: JOMFP. 2021;25(3):537-542.  https://doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_68_21
  16. Jayaratne YSN, Zwahlen RA. Application of digital anthropometry for craniofacial assessment. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma and Reconstruction. 2014; 7(2):101-107.  https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1371540
  17. Jagadish Chandra H, Ravi MS, Sharma SM, Rajendra Prasad B. Standards of facial esthetics: an anthropometric study. Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery. 2012;11(4):384-389.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12663-012-0355-9
  18. Lim YC, Abdul Shakor AS, Shaharudin R. Reliability and accuracy of 2D photogrammetry: a comparison with direct measurement. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022;9:813058.
  19. Koban KC, Perko P, Etzel L, Li Z, Schenck TL, Giunta RE. Validation of two handheld devices against a non-portable three-dimensional surface scanner and assessment of potential use for intraoperative facial imaging. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. 2020;73(1):141-148.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2019.07.008
  20. Koban KC, Xu Y, Moellhoff N, Ehrl D, Alfertshofer MG, Cotofana S, Giunta RE, Woodward J, Voropai D, Frank K. Accuracy assessment of three-dimensional surface imaging-based distance measurements of the face: comparison of a handheld facial scanner and a stationary whole-body surface imaging device. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. 2022; 30(2):159-166.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2022.01.009
  21. Lane C, Harrell Jr W. Completing the 3-dimensional picture. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2008;133(4):612-620.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.03.023
  22. Mai H-N, Lee D-H. Accuracy of mobile device-compatible 3D scanners for facial digitization: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research. 2020;22(10):e22228. https://doi.org/10.2196/22228
  23. Koban KC, Härtnagl F, Titze V, Schenck TL, Giunta RE. Chances and limitations of a low-cost mobile 3D scanner for breast imaging in comparison to an established 3D photogrammetric system. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. 2018;71(10):1417-1423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2018.05.017
  24. Koban KC, Perko P, Li Z, Xu Y, Giunta RE, Alfertshofer MG, Kohler LH, Freytag DL, Cotofana S, Frank K. 3D anthropometric facial imaging — a comparison of different 3D scanners. Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America. 2022;30(2):149-158.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsc.2022.01.003
  25. Raschke GF, Rieger UM, Peisker A, Djedovic G, Gomez-Dammeier M, Guentsch A, Schaefer O, Schultze-Mosgau S. Morphologic outcome of bimaxillary surgery — an anthropometric appraisal. Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal. 2015;20(1):e103-e110. https://doi.org/10.4317/medoral.19978
  26. Geramy A, Shehzade S, Nazarifar AM. Cephalometric and anthropometric changes and their relation to patients’ satisfaction after orthognathic surgery. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. 2020;31(4):1022-1025. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0000000000006193
  27. Jayaratne YSN, McGrath CPJ, Zwahlen RA. How accurate are the fusion of cone-beam CT and 3-D stereophotographic images? PLoS One. 2012; 7(11):e49585.
  28. Gribel BF, Gribel MN, Frazäo DC, McNamara Jr JA, Manzi FR. Accuracy and reliability of craniometric measurements on lateral cephalometry and 3D measurements on CBCT scans. The Angle Orthodontist. 2011;81(1):26-35.  https://doi.org/10.2319/032210-166.1
  29. Farkas LG, Deutsch CK. Anthropometric determination of craniofacial morphology. American Journal of Medical Genetics. 1996;65:(1):1-4.  https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.1320650102
  30. Klassifikatsii zubochelyustnykh anomalij. Sovremennye metody diagnostiki v ortodontii: uchebnoe posobie dlya klinicheskikh ordinatorov po spetsial’nosti «Ortodontiya». Krasnodar: FGBOU VO KubGMU Minzdrava Rossii; 2021. (In Russ.).
  31. Milutinovic J, Zelic K, Nedeljkovic N. Evaluation of facial beauty using anthropometric proportions. Scientific World Journal. 2014;2014:428250. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/428250
  32. Niechajev I. Reduction genioplasty for mandibular prognathism and long chin. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2020;24(3):333-341.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s10006-020-00853-8
  33. Shadlinskaya RV, Sultanova NN. Analysis of indices of proportions of soft tissues of the head and face in adult patients with major beta-thalassemia. Morfologiya. 2019;156(4):91-98. (In Russ.).
  34. George RM. Facial Geometry: Graphic Facial Analysis for Forensic Artists. Charles C Thomas Publisher; 2007.
  35. Ramires RR, Ferreira LP, Marchesan IQ, Cattoni DM, Silva MA. Proposal for facial type determination based on anthropometry. Jornal da Sociedade Brasileira de Fonoaudiologia. 2011;23(3):195-200.  https://doi.org/10.1590/s2179-64912011000300003
  36. Karad A. Cephalic and facial type. In: Clinical Orthodontics: Current Concepts, Goals and Mechanics. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2014: 15. 
  37. Persin LS. Stomatologiya detskogo vozrasta. V 3 ch. Ch. 3. Ortodontiya. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2016. (In Russ.).
  38. Anić-Milosević S, Lapter-Varga M, Šlaj M. Analysis of the soft tissue facial profile by means of angular measurements. European Journal of Orthodontics. 2008;30(2):135-140.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjm116
  39. Godt A, Müller A, Kalwitzki M, Göz G. Angles of facial convexity in different skeletal classes. European Journal of Orthodontics. 2007;29(6):648-653.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/cjm073
  40. Fernández-Riveiro P, Smyth-Chamosa E, Suárez-Quintanilla D, Suárez-Cunqueiro M. Angular photogrammetric analysis of the soft tissue facial profile. European Journal of Orthodontics. 2003;25(4):393-399.  https://doi.org/10.1093/ejo/25.4.393
  41. Fortes Hda R, Guimarães TC, Belo IM, da Matta EN. Photometric analysis of esthetically pleasant and unpleasant facial profile. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics. 2014;19(2):66-75.  https://doi.org/10.1590/2176-9451.19.2.066-075.oar
  42. Persin LS. Ortodontiya. Natsional’noe rukovodstvo. V 2 t. T. 1. Diagnostika zubochelyustnykh anomalij. M.: GEOTAR-Media; 2020. (In Russ.).
  43. Raphael P, Harris R, Harris SW. Analysis and classification of the upper lip aesthetic unit. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2013;132(3):543-551.  https://doi.org/10.1097/PRS.0b013e31829accb6
  44. Hsu BS. Comparisons of the five analytic reference lines of the horizontal lip position: their consistency and sensitivity. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1993;104(4):355-360.  https://doi.org/10.1016/S0889-5406(05)81333-2
  45. Denize ES, McDonald F, Sherriff M, Naini FB. Facial profile parameters and their relative influence on bilabial prominence and the perceptions of facial profile attractiveness: a novel approach. Korean Journal of Orthodontics. 2014;44(4):184-194.  https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2014.44.4.184
  46. Bokhari F, Asad S, Amin F. Cephalometric assessment of lips in skeletal class II patients by Steiner’s line. Annals of King Edward Medical University. 2013;19(1):11-17. 
  47. Steiner CC. The use of cephalometrics as an aid to planning and assessing orthodontic treatment. European Journal of Orthodontics. 1960;46:721-735. 
  48. Ricketts RM. Planning treatment on the basis of the facial pattern and an estimate of its growth. The Angle Orthodontist. 1957;27(1):14-37. 
  49. Riedel RA. Diagnosis and treatment planning in orthodontics. Dental Clinics of North America. 1963;7(1):175-187. 
  50. Burstone CJ. Lip posture and its significance in treatment planning. European Journal of Orthodontics. 1967;53(4):262-284.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(67)90022-x
  51. Burstone CJ, James RB, Legan H, Murphy GA, Norton LA. Cephalometrics for orthognathic surgery. Journal of Oral Surgery. 1978;36(4):269-277. 
  52. Joshi M, Wu LP, Maharjan S, Regmi MR. Sagittal lip positions in different skeletal malocclusions: a cephalometric analysis. Progress in Orthodontics. 2015;16:8.  https://doi.org/10.1186/s40510-015-0077-x
  53. Pandey S, Kapoor S, Agarwal S, Shukla I. Evaluation of lip position in esthetically pleasing profiles using different reference lines: a photographic study. The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 2020;55(3):261-269. 
  54. Merrifield LL. The profile line as an aid in critically evaluating facial esthetics. European Journal of Orthodontics. 1966;52(11):804-822.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(66)90250-8
  55. Holdaway RA. A soft-tissue cephalometric analysis and its use in orthodontic treatment planning. Part II. European Journal of Orthodontics. 1984;85(4): 279-293.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9416(84)90185-4
  56. Kagan II. Monograph «Aesthetic Anatomy of the Neck» is a new step in the development of clinical anatomy. Russian Journal of Operative Surgery and Clinical Anatomy. 2021;5(3):55-56. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17116/operhirurg2021503155
  57. Kuchieva MB, Chaplygina EV. Anatomical parameters of the neck in age and gender aspects. Clinical significance. Volgogradskij nauchno-meditsinskij zhurnal. 2020;(2):14-17. (In Russ.).
  58. Rohrich RJ, Pessa JE. The Fat Compartments of the Face: Anatomy and Clinical Implications for Cosmetic Surgery. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2007;119(7):2219-2227. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000265403.66886.54
  59. Lambros V. Observations on the Aging of the Midface. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2007;120(5):1367-1376. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.prs.0000279348.09156.c3
  60. Arnett GW, Bergman RT. Facial Keys to Orthodontic Diagnosis and Treatment Planning. Part I. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 1993;103(4):299-312.  https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-5406(93)70010-L
  61. Gunter JP, Rohrich RJ. Augmentation of the Chin and Mandibular Body for Aesthetic Improvement: Anatomy and Technique. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 1996;97(4):770-782. 
Contact the author
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.

Email Confirmation

An email was sent to test@gmail.com with a confirmation link. Follow the link from the letter to complete the registration on the site.

Email Confirmation

Contact us
If you have any questions, complaints or suggestions, please use this feedback form.
Email
Message
The publishing house "Media Sphere" does not provide treatment services, does not give recommendations on contacting medical institutions and specific specialists, on the prescription of medicines and dietary supplements.
Submit Application

You can become an author of one of our magazines, send a request and we will consider it in during the day.

Name
Phone
E-mail
Message
Login
Registration
E-mail
Password
Forgot Password?

Log in to the site using your account in one of the services

Password recovery
E-mail
Login
Register

We use cооkies to improve the performance of the site. By staying on our site, you agree to the terms of use of cооkies. To view our Privacy and Cookie Policy, please. click here.