Mediastinal tumors cover a wide range of malignant neoplasms arising in the chest cavity. Due to the many structures and organs located in this area, mediastinal cancer has different histological forms. Thus, both primary benign and malignant tumors, as well as tumors of secondary genesis, can arise. In recent years, there has been an increase in the incidence of mediastinal cancer. Morphological verification is crucial for determining patient treatment tactics and prognosis of the disease.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the effectiveness of multicore transthoracic biopsy (TTB) under ultrasound navigation in the diagnosis of mediastinal tumors.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

Based on the A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre 138 patients with mediastinal tumors underwent multipoint TTB under ultrasound navigation. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 74 years. There were 92 men (67%), 46 (33%) women. The size of the mediastinal tumor along the short axis ranged from 15 mm to 110 mm. Depending on the size and structure of the tumor, the number of puncture points varied from 3 to 10.

RESULTS

As a result of the study, all patients included in the study underwent multipoint TTB under ultrasound navigation of mediastinal tumors. In all cases, material suitable for histological examination was obtained. During the study, Hodgkin’s lymphoma was morphologically verified in 42% of patients, mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma — 30%, thymoma — 14%, T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma — 6%, monophasic synovial sarcoma — 2%, germ cell tumor — 6%.

CONCLUSION

Due to its high information content and sensitivity, the absence of radiological burden on the patient and staff, as well as the safety and efficiency of the procedure, this technique represents a promising alternative to traditional CT-controlled puncture of tumors of the upper and anterior mediastinum.