Based on government statistical reporting data, the authors analyze the main indicators of morbidity and mortality rates (2005—2015), prevalence and cancer care (2011—2015) to patients with primary tumors of bones and articular cartilage (C40—41) in Russia. 1503 malignant neoplasm of bones and articular cartilages (in 792 men and 711 women) in the overall structure were identified for the first time in Russia in 2015, which accounts for 0.26% (0.29% for men and 0.22% for women). The share of this pathology in the age group under 20 years is 5.12% (5.65% for men and 4.53% for women). Over the 10-year period, there has been a decline in crude and standardized morbidity (–27.4 and –24.4%, respectively) and mortality (–38.0 and –39.1%, respectively) rates.