The paper presents the epidemiological indicators of cutaneous melanoma mortality and morbidity in the Republic of Crimea. It analyzes the reasons for increasing mortality rates and the ways of improving the early diagnosis and prevention of cutaneous melanoma. The implementation of the cancer program aimed to qualitatively transform the primary and specialized healthcare system and to increase the role and responsibility of primary health care in the early detection of malignant tumors and the cancer alertness and professional competence of health workers in clinical oncology is assessed. The elaboration and introduction of prevention and screening programs at the regional level allow identification of patients before the manifestation of the disease, by substantially increasing their chances for the efficiency of specific treatment and for a favorable prognosis.