Parameters of regional lymphogenic metastasis in the prognosis of skin melanoma

Anisimova A.V.; Ershov V.A.; Manikhas G.M.; Manikhas A.G.; Vorob’eva S.P.; Shchelkova N.D.; Kozlov V.M.

doi:https://doi.org/10.17116/onkolog20251402119

Anisimova A.V.

Municipal Clinical Oncology Dispensary

ORCID: 0009-0001-6043-464X

Ershov V.A.

Municipal Clinical Oncology Dispensary;
S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

ORCID: 0000-0002-8641-1489

Manikhas G.M.

Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-5110-047X

Manikhas A.G.

Municipal Clinical Oncology Dispensary;
Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies

ORCID: 0000-0001-9616-6635

Vorob’eva S.P.

Municipal Clinical Oncology Dispensary

Shchelkova N.D.

Municipal Clinical Oncology Dispensary

Kozlov V.M.

Municipal Clinical Oncology Dispensary

Parameters of regional lymphogenic metastasis in the prognosis of skin melanoma

Authors:

Anisimova A.V., Ershov V.A., Manikhas G.M., Manikhas A.G., Vorob’eva S.P., Shchelkova N.D., Kozlov V.M.

More about the authors

Journal: P.A. Herzen Journal of Oncology. 2025;14(2): 19‑24

DOI: 10.17116/onkolog20251402119

Read: 515 times

Contact the author

Table of contents

To cite this article:

Anisimova AV, Ershov VA, Manikhas GM, Manikhas AG, Vorob’eva SP, Shchelkova ND, Kozlov VM. Parameters of regional lymphogenic metastasis in the prognosis of skin melanoma. P.A. Herzen Journal of Oncology. 2025;14(2):19‑24. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/onkolog20251402119

Подписка 2026 Онкология. Журнал им. П.А. Герцена (P.A. Herzen Journal of Oncology)

Использование инфографики авторами научных работ

OBJECTIVE

Determination of the role of the parameters for regional lymphogenic metastasis in the prognosis of the disease.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The results of scintigraphic, cytological, immunocytochemical, histological and immunohistochemical methods of primary tumors and lymph nodes biopsies of 93 patients with skin melanoma were analyzed.

RESULTS

A positive correlation was found between the number of signal lymph nodes and disease progression (Pearson coefficient 0.85). A positive correlation was found between the number of regional lymphocollectors and disease progression (Pearson coefficient 0.89). The progression of the disease was detected when the tumor was localized on the skin of the trunk in 32% of cases, in the lower extremities — in 29.6%, and in the upper extremities — in 18.8% of cases.

The progression of stage II and III skin melanoma was noted for 72 months after surgical treatment, 59.3% occurred in the first year of follow-up. In the case of melanoma in situ, progression was diagnosed 144 months after surgery.

CONCLUSION

The progression of the disease was significantly more often noted in the presence of more than 1 signal lymph node and in the presence of more than one regional collector. The frequency of disease progression in our study was maximal within 12 months after surgery; after 72 months of follow-up, a single case of metastasis was noted in a patient with stage 0 melanoma.

Keywords:

melanoma of the skin

signal lymph nodes

disease progression

Authors:

Anisimova A.V.

Municipal Clinical Oncology Dispensary

ORCID: 0009-0001-6043-464X

Ershov V.A.

Municipal Clinical Oncology Dispensary;
S. M. Kirov Military Medical Academy

ORCID: 0000-0002-8641-1489

Manikhas G.M.

Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University

ORCID: 0000-0002-5110-047X

Manikhas A.G.

Municipal Clinical Oncology Dispensary;
Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies

ORCID: 0000-0001-9616-6635

Vorob’eva S.P.

Municipal Clinical Oncology Dispensary

Shchelkova N.D.

Municipal Clinical Oncology Dispensary

Kozlov V.M.

Municipal Clinical Oncology Dispensary

Received:

19.02.2024

Accepted:

03.04.2024

Close metadata

References:

Rastrelli M, Tropea S, Rossi CR, Alaibac M. Melanoma: epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and classification. In Vivo. 2014;28(6):1005-1011.
Carvajal RD, Marghoob AA. Melanoma and other skin cancers. 2015. Available at: https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/melanoma-and-other-skin-cancers
Kaprin AD, Starinskii VV, Shakhzadova AO, eds. Malignant neoplasms in Russia in 2021 (morbidity and mortality). Moscow: MNIOI im. P.A. Gertsena — filial FGBU «NMITs radiologii» Minzdrava Rossii; 2022. 252p. (In Russ.).
Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, Mozzillo N, Nieweg OE, Roses DF, Hoekstra HJ, Karakousis CP, Puleo CA, Coventry BJ, et al.; MSLT Group. Final trial report of sentinel-node biopsy versus nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(7):599-609. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1310460
Ulmer A, Dietz K, Hodak I, Polzer B, Scheitler S, Yildiz M, Czyz Z, Lehnert P, Fehm T, Hafner C, et al. Quantitative measurement of melanoma spread in sentinel lymph nodes and survival. PLoS Med. 2014;11(2):e1001604. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001604
Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C, eds. TNM classification of malignant tumours. 8th ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2017. 253p.
Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniya Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Clinical recommendations. Melanoma of the skin and mucous membranes. 2023. (In Russ.).
NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines®). Melanoma: cutaneous. Version 1.2023 — December 22, 2022. NCCN.org. Available at: https://activate-melanoma.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/nccn-guidelines.pdf
Michielin O, van Akkooi ACJ, Ascierto PA, Dummer R, Keilholz U.; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Cutaneous melanoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019;30(12):1884-1901. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdz411
Shaikh WR, Dusza SW, Weinstock MA, Oliveria SA, Geller AC, Halpern AC. Melanoma thickness and survival trends in the United States, 1989 to 2009. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015;108(1):djv294. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djv294
Garg M, Couturier DL, Nsengimana J, Fonseca NA, Wongchenko M, Yan Y, Lauss M, Jönsson GB, Newton-Bishop JP, Parkinson C, et al. Tumour gene expression signature in primary melanoma predicts long-term outcomes. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):1137. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21207-2
Zager JS, Gastman BR. Leachman S, Gonzalez RC, Fleming MD, Ferris LK, Ho J, Miller AR, Cook RW, Covington KR, et al. Performance of a prognostic 31-gene expression profile in an independent cohort of 523 cutaneous melanoma patients. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(1):130. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-018-4016-3
Kfoury A, Armaro M, Collodet C, Sordet‐Dessimoz J, Giner MP, Christen S, Moco S, Leleu M, de Leval L, Koch U, et al. AMPK promotes survival of c-Myc-positive melanoma cells by suppressing oxidative stress. EMBO J. 2018;37(5):e97673. https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.201797673
Chen J, Xu Y, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Zhu H, Shi Y. Prognostic role of sentinel lymph node biopsy for patients with cutaneous melanoma: a retrospective study of surveillance, epidemiology, and end-result population-based data. Oncotarget. 2016;7(29):45671-45677. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.10140
Ebert MA, Zinov’ev GV, Gafton GI, Chuglova DA, Artem’eva AS, Popovich AS, Krzhivitskii PI, Gafton IG, Sinyachkin MS, Romanova SG. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in skin melanoma: the experience of one center. Effektivnaya Farmakoterapiya. 2021;17(11):16-21. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.33978/2307-3586-2021-17-11-16-21
Multicenter Selective Lymphadenectomy Trials Study Group; Crystal JS, Thompson JF, Hyngstrom J, Caracò C, Zager JS, Jahkola T, Bowles TL, Pennacchioli E, Beitsch PD, Hoekstra HJ, et al. Therapeutic value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with melanoma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2022;157(9):835-842. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2022.2055
Ershov VA, Anisimova AV, Vashkurov SM, Vorob’eva SP, Shchelkova ND, Zin’kevich MV, Manikhas GM. Features of lesions of the signaling lymph nodes in primary melanoma of the skin. Uchenye Zapiski Pervogo Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Meditsinskogo Universiteta imeni akademika I.P. Pavlova. 2019;26(1):54-60. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.24884/1607-4181-2019-26-1-54-60
Rhodin KE, Fimbres DP, Burner DN, Hollander S, O’Connor MH, Beasley GM. Melanoma lymph node metastases — moving beyond quantity in clinical trial design and contemporary practice. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1021057. https://doi.org/:10.3389/fonc.2022.1021057
Mitra D, Ologun G, Keung EZ, Goepfert RP, Amaria RN, Ross MI, Gershenwald JE, Lucci A, Fisher SB, Davies MA, et al. Nodal recurrence is a primary driver of early relapse for patients with sentinel lymph node-positive melanoma in the modern therapeutic era. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021;28(7):3480-3489. https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-021-09804-3
Patel VR, Roberson ML, Pignone MP, Adamson AS. Risk of mortality after a diagnosis of melanoma In Situ. JAMA Dermatol. 2023;159(7):703-710. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2023.1494
Gershenwald JE, Scolyer RA, Hess KR, Sondak VK, Long GV, Ross MI, Lazar AJ, Faries MB, Kirkwood JM, McArthur GA, et al.; for members of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Melanoma Expert Panel and the International Melanoma Database and Discovery Platform. Melanoma staging: Evidence-based changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(6):472-492. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21409
Semiletova YuV, Anisimov VV, Lemekhov VG, Matsko DE, Gafton GI, Gerasimov GA. Risk factors for recurrence after radical treatment of skin melanoma. Siberian Journal of Oncology. 2012;(2):22-24. (In Russ.).
Nikolaeva EA, Kry`lov AS, Ry`zhkov AD, Abdulova LYu, Bilik ME, Zakharova TV, Baryshnikov KA. Prognostic factors of metastasis to sentinel lymph nodes in patients with melanoma of various thicknesses according to the Breslow classifier. Oncological Journal: Radiation Diagnostics, Radiation Therapy. 2021;4(3):18-25. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/:10.37174/2587-7593-2021-4-3-18-25
Frank GA, Zavalishina LÉ, Kekeeva TV, Aleksakhina SN, Garifullina TR, Ivantsov OA, Mityushkina NV, Pfaĭfer V, Strelkova TN, Imyanitov EN. First Russian nationwide molecular epidemiological study for melanoma: results of BRAF mutation analysis. Russian Journal of Archive of Pathology. 2014;76(3):65-73. (In Russ.).