Objective: to improve the results of differential diagnosis of bone tumors using infrared spectroscopy of serum and a bone tissue biopsy device. Subjects and methods. The investigation enrolled 180 patients with bone tissues. A comprehensive clinical study and histological examination were conducted. Determination of the patients’ serum levels of protein carbonyl derivatives could substantially increase the proportion of true positive results of the differential diagnosis of malignant and benign bone tumors. Results. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the technique were 89.1, 84.8, and 87.5%, respectively. Conclusion. To obtain bone tissue biopsy material using an original device increases the significance of preoperative histological examination up to 96.0% (p=0.025) and the rate of coincidence with the results of routine histological examination by 15.2% and reduces the frequency of disagreement with routine histological examination by 79.1%.