Significant advances in the treatment of cancers over the past decade are due to the introduction of multimodal treatment programs that assign a leading role to chemotherapy. Its efficiency is associated not only with the development of pharmacology, but also with intensified treatment protocols: with increases in the dosage of chemopreparations and the number of cycles and a reduction of their intervals. This requires complex accompanying therapy to prevent and correct complications and side effects. Since the main route of administration of both chemopreparations and accompanying ones is intravenous, this imposes strict requirements on central venous access systems. The latter must be reliable and easy-to-use, be set once for the entire period of treatment, have minimal complication rates during their installation and operation, and not decrease quality of life in the patients. Such conditions are particularly important in pediatric oncology because any central vein catheterization in children is an invasive intervention requiring general anesthesia. As of now, implantable venous port systems meet all the above-mentioned requirements. The paper shows how to choose an optimal central venous access system in cancer patients.