The study is aimed at a comparative evaluation of spectrum of changes in laboratory parameters of hemostasis before and after hip replacement while using different schemes of anticoagulant prophylaxis in order to select an optimal set of laboratory tests for monitoring the prophylaxis efficiency. Material and methods. The parameters of 86 patients, having been divided into three groups, were surveyed. In the first group, the prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications was performed with Enoxaparin: the first dose was injected before the surgical operation by standard scheme, patients in the second group were injected with Enoxaparin after the surgical operation, in the third group were performed anticoagulant prophylaxis with Dabigatran by standard scheme. The treatment had been lasting for 35 days (in an outpatient setting, everyone took Dabigatran). The average length of hospital admission in the Center amounted to 8.9±1.2 days. Along with the study of standard coagulogram parameters, thromboelastogram parameters were measured with the thrombodynamics analyzer as well (start time of clot formation — R, the maximum amplitude (MA) and coagulation parameters (delay time of clot growth — Tlag, fixed rate of clot growth — Vst, clot density — D, time of occurrence of spontaneous clots — Tsp). Laboratory test measurements were conducted three times: when admitting the patient for the surgical intervention, and on the first and fifth days after it. Results. It was revealed that in cases of endoprosthesis replacement of large joints the prophylaxis with Dabigatran is significantly more efficient. Among all the tests provided only thrombin time and thrombodynamics tests reflected the results of the therapy with Dabigatran adequately. The parameters of 74% of all the patients having administered Enoxaparin changed to normal coagulation in tests of standard coagulogram, wherein the highest percentage of spontaneous foci of thrombosis and high values of Vst were discovered, that allowed suggesting that the patients of this group were at a high risk of thrombosis. Associated with the normal coagulation according to standard tests, the greatest sensitivity to the hypercoagulable state arising during the surgical operation was indicated with the thrombodynamics test that had been used in the Institution for the first time.