The article analyzes statistical data on syphilis among adolescents (15–17 years old) in Russia over a long time period: from 1992 to 2019; this period covers the epidemic rise in the incidence of syphilitic infection in Russia, the maximum (peak) incidence and its subsequent slow decline until the present time. The morbidity in the age group of adolescents (15–17 years old) at the rise and the peak exceeded the overall incidence of syphilis in the population by 1.3 times. From 2000 onwards the incidence rate of adolescents gradually decreased and did not reach the general level. It was noted that the incidence of girls was significantly higher than the incidence of boys. In the structure of adolescent morbidity over the period under consideration there was a decrease in the proportion of early forms with symptoms (primary and secondary) from 85.2% almost twice — to 44.4% with a simultaneous increase in «other» forms from 0.1 to 16.7%. The ways of infection of adolescents with syphilis are considered. The diagnoses of «unspecified syphilis» and «unknown route of infection» in adolescents are regarded as deficiencies in the attending physician’s work with the patient. Clinical examples of syphilis in adolescents are given; attention is focused on a thorough collection of anamnesis by the attending physician and the introduction of some clarifying information into the statistical forms. The need for adolescent sexual education is strongly emphasized.