Objective. The study is aimed at investigating the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and assessing the state of the vaginal microbiocenosis in subjectively asymptomatic patients. Material and methods. We examined nonpregnant females (n=461) subject to regular medical monitoring. We studied the medical history and pre-filled questionnaires, conducted physical examination, sampled biological material from the vagina for microscopic analysis and nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), real-time PCR. Results. In the study group, only 19 (4.2%) patients had complaints indicative of the presence of urogenital diseases; in 13 (68.4%) of them, various disorders of vaginal microbiocenosis (DVM) were observed. In the remaining 442 (95.8%) asymptomatic patients, 9 (2%) cases of STIs were detected, 144 (31.2%) — bacterial vaginosis (BV), 26 (5.6%) — predominance of aerobic microflora (PAM), 15 (3.2%) — a combination of BV and PAM, and 98 (21.2%) — relatively well-balanced microflora (RWBM). Conclusion. STIs and/or various DVM were detected in more than 40% of examined asymptomatic patients. Thus, routine screening methods (microscopic examination) does not enable adequate detection of these disorders, as opposed to NAAT, which improves the detection rate of infections and contributes to prevention of their spread.