Objective — the aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the patients who had undergone surgery for incisional hernias. Material and methods. The analysis of the outcomes of the treatment was based on the data obtained from the examination of 118 patients presenting with incisional hernias. The group included 85 (72.0%) women and 33 (28.0%) men aged between 21 and 88 years. The mandatory compression ultrasound (CUS) study of the lower extremities was carried out before surgery and during 2—3 days of the postoperative period. All the patients underwent prophylaxis of postoperative VTE, the amount and duration of which depended on the risk evaluated in accordance with the Russian clinical recommendations for diagnostics, treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism (2010, 2015). Two (1.7%) patients were classified as belonging to the low-risk group, 43 (36.4%) ones to the moderate-risk group, and 73 (61.9%) to the high-risk of development of venous thromboembolism. All the patients referred to the moderate and high-risk groups were given the anticoagulant prophylactic treatment of VTE with the use of unfractionated (UFH) or low-molecular weight heparins (LMWH) at the recommended doses (76 (64.4%) patients were treated with UFH and 40 (33.9%) ones with LMW). Results. In 5 (4.2%) patients, postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was identified. It was isolated distal thrombosis (affecting the crural deep veins) that did not create the risk of thromboembolism. Four patients received UFH and one LMWH by way of the pharmacotherapeutic preventive treatment. We did not observe symptoms of pulmonary embolism (PE) in the patients throughout the period of their hospital stay. Conclusions. The frequency of postoperative VTE in the patients presenting with incisional hernias, the prevention of thromboembolic complications in which was carried out according to current clinical guidelines, was estimated at 4.2%. There is a discrepancy between the data of our foreign colleagues on the incidence of postoperative VTE in the patients with incisional hernias and the results of the present research. The systemic application of the CUS technique allows to determine the real incidence of postoperative VTE in patients with incisional hernias operated for the treatment of pulmonary embolism.