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Bagrova I.V.

GBOU VPO "Severo-Zapadnyĭ gosudarstvennyĭ meditsinskiĭ universitet imeni I.I. Mechnikova" Minzdravsotsrazvitiia RF

Kukharchik G.A.

GBOU VPO "Severo-Zapadnyĭ gosudarstvennyĭ meditsinskiĭ universitet imeni I.I. Mechnikova" Minzdravsotsrazvitiia RF

Serebriakova V.I.

GBOU VPO "Severo-Zapadnyĭ gosudarstvennyĭ meditsinskiĭ universitet imeni I.I. Mechnikova" Minzdravsotsrazvitiia RF

Konstantinova I.V.

GBOU VPO "Severo-Zapadnyĭ gosudarstvennyĭ meditsinskiĭ universitet imeni I.I. Mechnikova" Minzdravsotsrazvitiia RF

Kaputin M.Iu.

GBOU VPO "Severo-Zapadnyĭ gosudarstvennyĭ meditsinskiĭ universitet imeni I.I. Mechnikova" Minzdravsotsrazvitiia RF;
GBU "Sankt-Peterburgskiĭ nauchno-issledovatel'skiĭ institut skoroĭ pomoshchi im. I.I. Dzhanelidze", Sankt-Peterburg

The modern approaches to diagnostics of pulmonary embolism

Authors:

Bagrova I.V., Kukharchik G.A., Serebriakova V.I., Konstantinova I.V., Kaputin M.Iu.

More about the authors

Journal: Journal of Venous Disorders. 2012;6(4): 35‑42

Read: 31847 times


To cite this article:

Bagrova IV, Kukharchik GA, Serebriakova VI, Konstantinova IV, Kaputin MIu. The modern approaches to diagnostics of pulmonary embolism. Journal of Venous Disorders. 2012;6(4):35‑42. (In Russ.)

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