The outcomes of long-term prophylaxis of venous thromboembolic complications were evaluated in 150 patients who had undergone elective primary endoprosthetic treatment of the hip joint. Various prophylactic schemes were used, such as the treatment with indirect anticoagulants (warfarin with INR monitoring), dabigatran etexilate (pradax), and nadroparin calcium. The patients were referred for the treatment in this Center from 17 regions of the Russian Federation. The assessment of long-term results of the treatment demonstrated that the efficacy of prophylaxis strongly depends on the quality of medical aid provided to the patients at places of residence, their financial standing, and the lack of cooperation between the operating surgeons and local district specialists. Other important factors include the availability (price) of a given pharmaceutical product and the attitudes of the personnel of local outpatient facilities. These factors need to be taken into consideration when planning the prophylactic strategy.