Purpose. To improve the results of surgical treatment of rectum diseases. Material and methods. The research included 26 patients (10 women and 16 men) with benign and malignant neoplasms of the rectum, underwent nerve-sparing organ-preserving operations of rectum resection with total or partial resection of mesorectal tissue using the RS daVinci. The average age was 61 years. The distribution of patients by the stage of rectum cancer: Stage I —3 (11.5%) patients, II — 8 (30.8%), III — 7 (26.9%), IV — 5 (19.3%). The examination of patients at the preoperative stage was carried out according to the standard scheme: colonoscopy, morphological verification, CT, ultrasound, blood markers REA and CA-19.9. Evaluate of the function of pelvic support was carried out according to the Wexner scale, rectal manometry, sphincterometry. The urinary function was assessed according to the IPSS (International prostate symptom score) scale, the residual urine volume. The assessment of pain was carried out on VAS scale and a brief pain inventory. The quality of life was assessed on the scale QOL. Results. TMRE was performed in 19 (73%) patients. The average duration of the intervention was 358 minutes, the average blood loss was 203 ml. In estimating the function of pelvic holding and urogenital function, their rapid recovery in the postoperative period was noted. The duration of the postoperative stay was 11 days. Conclusions. Ultraprecision robotic technology allows improving the functional results of operations on rectum.