The term «salience» is most often used to describe «aberrant salience», which means assigning false significance to insignificant facts and details, that is inherent to patients with schizophrenia. Most often it is used in combination with «aberrant salience», which is understood as the assignment of false significance to insignificant facts and details. The term «adaptive salience» is less commonly used and means the «correct» assignment of the significance to important biological information. It is believed that in schizophrenia there is a decrease of adaptive salience in combination with an increase of aberrant salience. The concepts of aberrant and adaptive salience are a kind of link between the dopamine imbalance underlying the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and the diverse clinic of the disease. This article provides a review of the literature on methods for assessing, including quantitatively assessment, salience in schizophrenia. The comparison of these methods and their possible clinical and scientific application are provided.